{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:43:44Z","timestamp":1786164224364,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1263100007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1263100007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association between perceived helicopter parenting and adolescents\u2019 learning burnout, as well as the potential mediating roles of intelligence mindsets and psychological capital. A sample of 3392 Chinese adolescents (1635 7th-graders and 1757 8th-graders) from three junior high schools completed self-report measures of helicopter parenting, fixed and malleable intelligence mindsets, psychological capital, and learning burnout. Structural equation modeling showed that perceived helicopter parenting was positively associated with learning burnout, both directly and indirectly. Significant indirect associations were through fixed mindset, psychological capital, and their sequential pathway, whereas pathways involving malleable mindset were not significant. Multigroup analyses further revealed several pathway-specific gender differences. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing fixed and malleable mindsets and suggest that psychological capital may be a central proximal resource linking perceived helicopter parenting with adolescents\u2019 learning burnout.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16081351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1786003682000},"page":"1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived Helicopter Parenting and Learning Burnout in Chinese Adolescents: Intelligence Mindsets and Psychological Capital as Mediators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-4570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Educational Sciences, Beijing 100036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixiao","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of AI for Education, Eastern China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10212-025-01060-3","article-title":"Parental interference in adolescents\u2019 choices and depressive symptoms: The role of self-efficacy, school anxiety, engagement, and burnout in a structural equation model","volume":"41","author":"Angelini","year":"2026","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychology of Education"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2307\/353953","article-title":"From adolescent to young adult: A prospective study of parent-child relations during the transition to adulthood","volume":"59","author":"Aquilino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and the Family"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-024-10144-3","article-title":"Positive parenting, prosocial behavior, meaning in life, and subjective well-being in adolescents: A parallel and serial mediation analysis","volume":"17","author":"Arslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Indicators Research"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-023-02643-8","article-title":"Perceived parental control, parent-adolescent relationship and adolescents\u2019 psychological adjustment: Does gender matter?","volume":"33","author":"Barbierik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-021-01999-z","article-title":"The relationship between helicopter parenting and fear of negative evaluation in college students","volume":"30","author":"Carr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-024-09887-2","article-title":"Antecedents of school burnout: A longitudinal mediation study","volume":"27","author":"Cengiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Psychology of Education"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Lau, S. 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