{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:24:40Z","timestamp":1787649880800,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transformative experiences are often described as pivotal moments of change in psychotherapy, yet relatively little is known about how such experiences are perceived within group settings. This study explored how group members and therapists describe moments of change in group psychotherapy and examined the therapeutic factors and relational processes associated with these experiences. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with four former group members and four licensed group therapists. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, while descriptive counts were used to illustrate the prominence of Yalom\u2019s therapeutic factors in participants\u2019 accounts. All eleven of Yalom\u2019s therapeutic factors were identified in participant narratives, with universality and cohesion emerging most frequently. Moments of change were described as emotionally significant relational experiences characterized by shared humanity, recognition, and meaning-making. Five relational processes were identified: emotional holding, risk-taking and courage, internalization of the group, therapist emotional presence, and liberation from shame. Findings suggest that moments of change emerge through the interplay of relational safety, attuned therapist presence, and courageous interpersonal engagement. The study highlights relational processes through which established therapeutic factors become experientially meaningful and contribute to psychological change within group psychotherapy and may be associated with psychological insight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16081418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:11:57Z","timestamp":1787058717000},"page":"1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moments of Change in Group Psychotherapy: Exploring Therapeutic Factors and Relational Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9893-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Chelios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The American College of Greece, 12135 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-7081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias I.","family":"Vlachos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The American College of Greece, 12135 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2680","article-title":"How therapists\u2019 emotion recognition relates to therapy process and outcome","volume":"29","author":"Abargil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.109.4.619","article-title":"The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory","volume":"109","author":"Andersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.3.461","article-title":"Relational schemas and the processing of social information","volume":"112","author":"Baldwin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1729440","article-title":"Efficacy of group psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Barkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2016.09.001","article-title":"Contribution of group therapeutic factors to the outcome of cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy for patients with panic disorder","volume":"31","author":"Behenck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt-Mackin, S., and Leszcz, M. 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