{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:31:40Z","timestamp":1787646700277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emotional eating (EE) is associated with poor dietary quality and weight gain among university students. Therefore, exploring innovative, non-invasive interventions to support healthier food-related responses is essential. While multisensory environments show promise in influencing food-related responses, their effectiveness in managing stress-induced EE remains understudied. Grounded in the Environment\u2013Organism\u2013Health (EOH) model, this study used an immersive virtual reality (VR) platform and recruited 49 Chinese university students. After emotional induction tasks, participants were randomly assigned to VR campus environments with varying wall colors and environmental sounds. The study combined physiological indicators and subjective questionnaires to evaluate the effects of color\u2013sound combinations on emotional responses, physiological recovery, food preferences, and food cravings. Food preference was assessed via an image-selection task, and food healthiness was rated by an expert panel (n = 7). A mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction between wall color and sound. Natural sounds were associated with reduced negative emotions and higher healthy food preference scores under several color conditions, while both color and sound influenced food craving. Independent t-tests revealed significant differences according to gender and emotional eating tendency on multiple outcomes. This study suggests that multisensory environments may offer a novel approach to influencing stress-related emotional responses, food preferences, and food cravings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:49:34Z","timestamp":1787582974000},"page":"1471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Multisensory Environmental Cues on Food Craving, Healthy Food Preference, and Stress-Related Recovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0368-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shulan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106932","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of viewing location on view perception using a virtual environment","volume":"180","author":"Kent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdella, H. M., El Farssi, H. O., Broom, D. R., Hadden, D. A., and Dalton, C. F. (2019). Eating behaviours and food cravings; influence of age, sex, BMI and FTO genotype. Nutrients, 11, (2).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020377"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2016.06.001","article-title":"Occupant productivity and office indoor environment quality: A review of the literature","volume":"105","author":"Arif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarado, J. (2025). Text-to-image models reveal specific color-emotion associations. Frontiers in Psychology, 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1593928"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-023-01578-9","article-title":"Mindfulness facets differentially relate to self-reported negative and positive emotional eating types in treatment-seeking adults with overweight\/obesity","volume":"28","author":"Barnhart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107343","article-title":"The relation between questionnaire-measured self-reported emotional eating and disordered eating behaviors: A meta-analysis of nearly three decades of research","volume":"198","author":"Barnhart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bian, W., Zhang, X., and Dong, Y. (2022). Autonomic nervous system response patterns of test-anxious individuals to evaluative stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.824406"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14121","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14121","article-title":"Built environment color modulates autonomic and EEG indices of emotional response","volume":"59","author":"Bower","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6841","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4333","article-title":"Factors affecting food addiction: Emotional eating, palatable eating motivations, and BMI","volume":"12","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Science & Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-025-00661-9","article-title":"Emotional eating and obesity: An update and new insights","volume":"14","author":"Braden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Obesity Reports"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2024.101133","article-title":"A developmental model of emotional eating","volume":"72","author":"Chawner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.02.011","article-title":"Stressor-evoked heart rate, perceived physiological arousal, and anxiety symptoms in young adults","volume":"376","author":"Cook","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105464","article-title":"The outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions for Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"166","author":"Daniela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10081434","article-title":"Evaluating indoor carbon dioxide concentration and ventilation rate of research student offices in Chinese universities: A case study","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-017-9577-9","article-title":"Emotional eating and weight in adults: A review","volume":"37","author":"Frayn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2023.102085","article-title":"A meta-analysis of physiological stress responses to natural environments: Biophilia and Stress Recovery Theory perspectives","volume":"90","author":"Gaekwad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107039","article-title":"The restorative quality of patient ward environment: Tests of six dominant design characteristics","volume":"180","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.112434","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of spatial openness on stress recovery: A virtual reality experiment study with psychological and physiological measurements","volume":"269","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32595","article-title":"Prevalence of subthreshold depression and its related factors in Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.12.023","article-title":"The color red reduces snack food and soft drink intake","volume":"58","author":"Genschow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112645","article-title":"Evoked sensory stimulation of the eating environment, impacts feeling of presence and food desires in an online environment","volume":"167","author":"Mawas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2020.10.019","article-title":"The influence of mindful eating and\/or intuitive eating approaches on dietary intake: A systematic review","volume":"121","author":"Grider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha, O. R., and Lim, S. L. (2023). The role of emotion in eating behavior and decisions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1265074"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, N. M., Lindeman, R. W., Bah, C. S. F., Gerhard, D., and Hoermann, S. (2023). Eliciting real cravings with virtual food: Using immersive technologies to explore the effects of food stimuli in virtual reality. Frontiers in Psychology, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.956585"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houminer Klepar, N., Davidovitch, N., and Dopelt, K. (2024). Emotional eating among college students in Israel: A study during times of war. Foods, 13, (9).","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13091347"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, J., Meng, Q., and Ji, J. (2021). Combining music and indoor spatial factors helps to improve college students\u2019 emotion during communication. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.703908"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111822","article-title":"Quantifying environmental characteristics on psychophysiological restorative benefits of campus window views","volume":"262","author":"Kexin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114610","article-title":"Lifetime stressor exposure is associated with greater rewarding effects of stress-related eating","volume":"284","author":"Klatzkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172197","article-title":"Psychological and physiological effects of soundscapes: A systematic review of 25 experiments in the English and Chinese literature","volume":"929","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00667-y","article-title":"Mindfulness-based emotional eating awareness training: Taking the emotional out of eating","volume":"25","author":"Lattimore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2024.105422","article-title":"Exploring the roles of food with different sensory attributes in stress relief: Insights from sweet and spicy foods","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Quality and Preference"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Lyu, R., Wang, M., Moorhead, M., and Skitmore, M. (2025). Built environment\u2014The secret recipe for mental health healing and recovery: A literature review. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1108\/ECAM-07-2024-0978"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y. H. T., Hamid, N., Shepherd, D., Kantono, K., and Spence, C. (2019). Environmental sounds influence the multisensory perception of chocolate gelati. Foods, 8, (4).","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8040124"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105215","article-title":"Relationships among perceived stress, emotional eating, and dietary intake in college students: Eating self-regulation as a mediator","volume":"163","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2024.102365","article-title":"Effects of natural sound on human stress recovery based on EEG techniques","volume":"97","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2024.3523928","article-title":"Temporal-noise-aware neural networks for suicidal ideation prediction using physiological data","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.04.024","article-title":"Using immersive technologies to explore the effects of congruent and incongruent contextual cues on context recall, product evaluation time, and preference and liking during consumer hedonic testing","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Quan, H., Song, S., Zhang, X., Yang, C., and Chen, H. (2019). Decreased conflict control in overweight chinese females: Behavioral and event-related potentials evidence. Nutrients, 11, (7).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071450"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchena-Giraldez, C., Carbonell-Colomer, M., and Bernabeu-Brotons, E. (2024). Emotional eating, internet overuse, and alcohol intake among college students: A pilot study with virtual reality. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1400815"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4172\/2375-4494.1000200","article-title":"How does psychological restoration work in children? An exploratory study","volume":"3","author":"Margherita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Behaviour"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106011","article-title":"The sound of silence: Presence and absence of sound affects meal duration and hedonic eating experience","volume":"174","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1974.38.1.283","article-title":"The basic emotional impact of environments","volume":"38","author":"Mehrabian","year":"1974","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.112274","article-title":"Effects of classroom design characteristics on children\u2019s physiological and psychological responses: A virtual reality experiment","volume":"267","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110589","article-title":"Green nature effect on stress response and stress eating in the lab: Color versus environmental content","volume":"193","author":"Michels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/00139165231174622","article-title":"Nature sounds for stress recovery and healthy eating: A lab experiment differentiating water and bird sound","volume":"55","author":"Michels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environment and Behavior"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2021.104380","article-title":"Is classical music sweeter than jazz? Crossmodal influences of background music and taste\/flavour on healthy and indulgent food preferences","volume":"96","author":"Motoki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Quality and Preference"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113967","article-title":"Short term effects of semaglutide on emotional eating and other abnormal eating patterns among subjects living with obesity","volume":"257","author":"Nicolau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nolan, L. J., and Jenkins, S. M. (2019). Food addiction is associated with irrational beliefs via trait anxiety and emotional eating. Nutrients, 11, (8).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081711"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palazzo, C. C., Leghi, B. E., and Diez-Garcia, R. W. (2022). Food consciousness intervention improves interoceptive sensitivity and expression of exteroception in women. Nutrients, 14, (3).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030450"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113689","article-title":"The impact of environmental sounds on food reward","volume":"245","author":"Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1108\/JOSM-10-2025-0530","article-title":"Biophilic sounds: Enhancing healthy food and beverage selection","volume":"37","author":"Phillips","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Service Management"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107507","article-title":"Nature\u2019s beauty versus urban bustle: Chinese folk music influences food choices by inducing mental imagery of different scenes","volume":"199","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2023.01.008","article-title":"Sensory emotion regulation","volume":"27","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101053","article-title":"CRAVE: Cross-reality analytics for virtual environments\u2014Deepening insights into human food selection and eating behavior","volume":"22","author":"Rosa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50527","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50527","article-title":"Tell me a story","volume":"8","author":"Sanes","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, M. W., Yan, Q., Pan, D., and Sun, G. (2025). Psychometric evaluation of eating behaviors and mental health among university students in China and Pakistan: A cross-cultural study. Nutrients, 17, (5).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050795"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-023-02267-5","article-title":"A body scan meditation reduces negative affect and food cravings in emotional eaters: A randomized controlled study of the effects, mediators, and moderators","volume":"15","author":"Shireen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shu, Y., Gao, H., Wang, Y., and Wei, Y. (2025). Food emotional perception and eating willingness under different lighting colors: A preliminary study based on consumer facial expression analysis. Foods, 14, (19).","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14193440"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1108\/00251740610673332","article-title":"Impact of color on marketing","volume":"44","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgfs.2025.101115","article-title":"Craving and colour: How do individual characteristics, food and tableware colours interact to influence food craving?","volume":"39","author":"Akkurt","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104752","article-title":"Identifying stress-related eating in behavioural research: A review","volume":"124","author":"Stammers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"559","article-title":"Bon app\u00e9tit! An investigation about the best and worst color combinations of lighting and food","volume":"2","author":"Suk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Literature and Art Studies"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sze, K. Y. P., Lee, E. K. P., Chan, R. H. W., and Kim, J. H. (2021). Prevalence of negative emotional eating and its associated psychosocial factors among urban Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21, (1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10531-3"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/jcpy.1445","article-title":"Contextual effects of color on food choices: Red ambient color induces indulgence","volume":"35","author":"Szocs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Psychology"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talati, Z., McAlpine, T., Mackenzie, K., Myers, G., Dana, L. M., Charlesworth, J., O\u2019Connor, M., Miller, C., Mullan, B. A., and Dixon, H. G. (2025). Parent and child choice of sugary drinks under four labelling conditions. Nutrients, 17, (11).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111920"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Beers, E., Melisse, B., de Jonge, M., Peen, J., van den Berg, E., and de Beurs, E. (2024). Web-based guided self-help cognitive behavioral therapy-enhanced versus treatment as usual for binge-eating disorder: A randomized controlled trial protocol. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1332360"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106675","article-title":"Greening the classroom: Three field experiments on the effects of indoor nature on students\u2019 attention, well-being, and perceived environmental quality","volume":"171","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior","volume":"5","author":"Frijters","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"237","article-title":"Study on environmental behavioral analysis of university students\u2019 using classrooms in winte","volume":"2024","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Asian Urban Environment"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren, A., and Frame, L. A. (2025). Restoring a healthy relationship with food by decoupling stress and eating: A translational review of nutrition and mental health. Nutrients, 17, (15).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152466"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230432","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230432","article-title":"Effects of environmental colours in virtual reality: Physiological arousal affected by lightness and hue","volume":"10","author":"Weijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3549145","article-title":"Immersion, attention, and collaboration in spatial computing: A study on work performance with Apple Vision Pro","volume":"31","author":"Wienrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, G., Henry, P., Chen, Y., Queiroz, F., Westland, S., and Cheng, Q. (2023). The effects of colour attributes on cognitive performance and intellectual abilities in immersive virtual environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 148.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107853"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2024.102766","article-title":"Exploring the impact of university green spaces on students\u2019 perceived restoration and emotional states through audio-visual perception","volume":"82","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecological Informatics"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.16.2.4126-4148","article-title":"Evaluation of the color aesthetics of fine wood based on perceptual cognition","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.5.697","article-title":"Environmental correlates to behavioral health outcomes in Alzheimer\u2019s special care units","volume":"43","author":"Zeisel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2024.110318","article-title":"Effects of spring water sounds on psychophysiological responses in college students: An EEG study","volume":"228","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied Acoustics"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2017.1411130","article-title":"Healing built-environment effects on health outcomes: Environment\u2013occupant\u2013health framework","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Building Research & Information"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2021.3088523","article-title":"CPED: A chinese positive emotion database for emotion elicitation and analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.104144","article-title":"Evaluation of driver stress intervention with guided breathing and positive comments","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2022.104689","article-title":"Neurobehavioral markers of food preference and reward in fasted and fed states and their association with eating behaviors in young Chinese adults","volume":"103","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Quality and Preference"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171052","article-title":"Effects of natural sound exposure on health recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"921","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3549174","article-title":"ESIQA: Perceptual quality assessment of vision-pro-based egocentric spatial images","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/16\/9\/1471\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:16:38Z","timestamp":1787645798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-328X\/16\/9\/1471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["bs16091471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs16091471","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-328X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-328X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]}}}