{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1787646515331,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As automated technology advances rapidly, human employees\u2019 fear of being replaced (i.e., technology-induced job insecurity) has become a widespread stress in today\u2019s workplace. It is crucial for organizations to recognize this new technological challenge and address its impact appropriately. Therefore, to systematically understand its impacts and explore potential buffering factors, the present research conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of 96 studies (N = 43,104 individuals). Drawing on the tripartite response model, we classify their outcome variables into three broad categories encompassing nine subgroups. Furthermore, integrating stress appraisal theory and threat-rigidity theory, we examine two critical moderators reflecting specific coping capability against technological threats. Our findings indicate that technology-induced job insecurity is systematically associated with employees\u2019 cognition, affection, and behavior. Notably, the moderation analysis highlights distinct boundary conditions under which these associations vary across different outcomes, emphasizing the complexity of these effects. Specifically, low threat proximity\u2014providing a crucial time buffer before the actual threat happens\u2014is associated with weaker negative attitudes toward the organization, and lower withdrawal and resistance behaviors. Individuals\u2019 high learning ability\u2014reflecting strong adaptive flexibility\u2014is associated with weaker negative appraisals of the job itself and more sustained proactive behaviors. In summary, the present research contributes to a systematic understanding of how technology-induced job insecurity is related to human psychology and behaviors at work, thereby offering valuable insights to inspire future research and management practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:00:48Z","timestamp":1787644848000},"page":"1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating the Digital Storm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Technology-Induced Job Insecurity, Its Outcomes and Moderators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8142-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Hong","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.24294\/jipd.v8i9.5458","article-title":"Tackling techno-stress: Supervisor support and job clarity as catalysts for employee satisfaction","volume":"8","author":"Alshammary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.34190\/ejel.22.8.3608","article-title":"Technostress impact on educator productivity: Gender differences in Jordan\u2019s higher education","volume":"22","author":"Amin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of E-Learning"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2022.198","article-title":"Spanish validation of the technostress creators scale","volume":"35","author":"Arenas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-024-05768-y","article-title":"Challenging or threatening? 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