{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:37Z","timestamp":1787646517646,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While integrating intelligent machines enhances workplace efficiency, it paradoxically correlates with increased employee turnover. To explain this efficiency\u2013turnover paradox, this study draws primarily on conservation of resources theory to investigate how employees\u2019 dependence on intelligent machines triggers turnover intention. Using data from a two-wave longitudinal survey with a two-month lag among 241 manufacturing employees in China, we tested a serial mediation model. Results indicate that dependence on intelligent machines does not directly predict turnover intention. Instead, it exerts an indirect effect through a resource-depleting serial mechanism. By transferring human\u2013machine interaction patterns to interpersonal relations, machine dependence triggers workplace objectification, which in turn exacerbates workplace loneliness. Faced with this severe relational and emotional depletion, employees develop turnover intention as a self-protective strategy. By integrating technological, socio-cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, the findings demonstrate that digital reliance undermines employee retention primarily through a cascade of interpersonal objectification and emotional loneliness, underscoring the necessity of techno-humanistic management practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:00:48Z","timestamp":1787644848000},"page":"1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Does Employee Dependence on Intelligent Machines Influence Turnover Intention? A Serial Mediation via Workplace Objectification and Workplace Loneliness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2190","article-title":"(Still) modern times: Objectification at work","volume":"47","author":"Andrighetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/10463283.2021.1956778","article-title":"The longstanding view of workers as objects: Antecedents and consequences of working objectification","volume":"33","author":"Baldissarri","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Review of Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"153","article-title":"Workers as objects: The nature of working objectification and the role of perceived alienation","volume":"24","author":"Baldissarri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Testing Psychometrics Methodology in Applied Psychology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2024.101828","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, workers, and future of work skills","volume":"58","author":"Bankins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1108\/JEEE-08-2023-0345","article-title":"Explaining the relationship between person-organization fit and entrepreneurial intention through workplace ostracism and loneliness","volume":"17","author":"Basar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497","article-title":"The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human-motivation","volume":"117","author":"Baumeister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.22102","article-title":"Surviving remotely: How job control and loneliness during a forced shift to remote work impacted employee work behaviors and well-being","volume":"61","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human Resource Management"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000254","article-title":"Human \u201cresources\u201d? 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