{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T05:15:41Z","timestamp":1788066941414,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China","award":["24BGL286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24BGL286"]}]},{"name":"Social Science Fund of Jiangsu Province","award":["23GLB004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23GLB004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in organizational processes, concerns about job replacement by AI have become increasingly widespread and gradually influenced work behaviors. However, existing research has not yet fully explained how job replacement anxiety affects job crafting. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, the study develops a moderated dual-path mediation model to examine the relationships between job replacement anxiety and approach and avoidance job crafting from a motivational perspective. Promotion focus and prevention focus are introduced to explain the underlying psychological transformation processes. The study further investigates the moderating role of AI literacy. The empirical analysis was based on three-wave matched survey data from 583 Chinese employees with a broadly balanced gender distribution. The results indicate that job replacement anxiety was indirectly and negatively associated with approach job crafting through lower promotion focus, while an opposing positive direct association resulted in a nonsignificant overall association. For avoidance job crafting, job replacement anxiety had a positive association through higher prevention focus. AI literacy buffered the effects of job replacement anxiety on both forms of regulatory focus and weakened the corresponding indirect effects. The findings suggest that job replacement anxiety is linked to employee job crafting through differentiated motivational pathways and identify AI literacy as an important boundary condition for explaining employees\u2019 adaptation to AI-driven change. These findings advance job crafting research and AI anxiety research by focusing on the job replacement anxiety dimension and offer implications for employee adaptation during AI-driven organizational transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:33:52Z","timestamp":1787942032000},"page":"1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Job Replacement Anxiety and Approach-Avoidance Job Crafting: The Roles of Regulatory Focus and AI Literacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2329-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanhao","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238","article-title":"Comparative fit indexes in structural models","volume":"107","author":"Bentler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","article-title":"Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures","volume":"88","author":"Bentler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1017\/jmo.2016.55","article-title":"Smart Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA): Employees\u2019 perceptions of our future workplace","volume":"24","author":"Brougham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Management & Organization"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2015.0604","article-title":"A role\u2013resource approach\u2013avoidance model of job crafting: A multimethod integration and extension of job crafting theory","volume":"61","author":"Bruning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proactive adaptation or passive reaction? 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