{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:07:32Z","timestamp":1788793652607,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["432-2018-0070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["432-2018-0070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["432-2018-0070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["432-2018-0070"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j5jqy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This repeated cross-sectional study examined how English and Chinese home literacy activities were associated with receptive vocabulary among Chinese\u2013English bilingual children in British Columbia, Canada. The study included 123 children in Grade 1 and 126 children in Grade 2. Children\u2019s English and Chinese receptive vocabulary was assessed using standardized vocabulary measures, and parents reported the frequency of five home literacy activities in each language: book or magazine reading, computer or laptop use, television or movie watching, storytelling, and singing songs. Descriptive analyses showed that English home literacy activities were generally more frequent than Chinese activities across both grades. However, correlation and hierarchical regression results showed that Chinese receptive vocabulary was more strongly and more broadly associated with Chinese home literacy activities. In Grade 1, Chinese book or magazine reading was significantly associated with Chinese receptive vocabulary, while English singing songs was significantly associated with English receptive vocabulary. In Grade 2, Chinese book or magazine reading, computer or laptop use, and storytelling were significantly associated with Chinese receptive vocabulary, whereas English book or magazine reading was the only significant home literacy variable for English receptive vocabulary. These findings highlight the language- and activity-specific nature of bilingual home literacy environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:53:28Z","timestamp":1788789208000},"page":"1592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Language- and Activity-Specific Associations Between English and Chinese Home Literacy Activities and Receptive Vocabulary Among Chinese\u2013Canadian Children: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guofang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Language and Literacy Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fubiao","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Foreign Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/02702710390227297","article-title":"Vocabulary: Needed if more children are to read well","volume":"24","author":"Biemiller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reading Psychology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.37.4.4","article-title":"Relations of the home literacy environment to the development of reading-related abilities: A one-year longitudinal study","volume":"37","author":"Burgess","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-019-00941-9","article-title":"Relationships between home-related factors and bilingual abilities: A study of Chinese\u2013English dual language learners from immigrant, low-income backgrounds","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Childhood Education Journal"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728918000810","article-title":"Effects of home language input on the vocabulary knowledge of sequential bilingual children","volume":"22","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Dickinson, D. 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