{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:13:35Z","timestamp":1788952415966,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Criminal behavior has been explained through multiple theoretical frameworks developed independently, including general personality models (FPI, Big Five, HEXACO), maladaptive configurations (Dark Triad\/Tetrad, psychopathy), and criminogenic cognitions. However, integrated analysis of this literature suggests the existence of a multilevel architecture of antisocial vulnerability rather than entirely distinct, non-communicating mechanisms. This narrative integrative review synthesizes empirical evidence regarding these frameworks in incarcerated populations, drawing predominantly on literature indexed in Web of Science and Scopus, supplemented by Google Scholar and snowballing searches, as detailed in the Methods section. The analysis identifies a convergent dispositional core\u2014characterized by elevated aggression, emotional excitability, and psychological strain, alongside reduced conscientiousness, agreeableness, honesty\u2013humility, and social integration\u2014that may exert its influence on behavior partly through dynamic mechanisms such as self-efficacy and self-control, together with the more proximal influence of criminogenic cognitions, expressed differentially through maladaptive personality configurations. The persistent heterogeneity of offender profiles and conceptual convergences across models support this same multilevel structure. The findings propose a three-level integrative conceptual model that explicitly links these previously fragmented studies, with implications for directing correctional interventions toward dynamic mechanisms rather than solely toward stable personality traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:19:16Z","timestamp":1788949156000},"page":"1604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Stable Traits to Dynamic Mechanisms: An Integrative Conceptual Model of Personality and Criminogenic Cognitions in the Incarcerated Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Rada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Department, Francisc I. Rainer Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Academy House, 13 September Avenue, No. 13, 5th District, 050711 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.08.005","article-title":"Honesty\u2013humility in school: Exploring main and interaction effects on secondary school students\u2019 antisocial and prosocial behavior","volume":"43","author":"Allgaier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2020.1711784","article-title":"Delinquency as predicted by dark triad factors and demographic variables","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescence and Youth"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ajpy.12202","article-title":"Measurement and research using the big five, HEXACO, and narrow traits: A primer for researchers and practitioners","volume":"71","author":"Anglim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868306294907","article-title":"Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure","volume":"11","author":"Ashton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2242","article-title":"Objections to the HEXACO model of personality structure\u2014And why those objections fail","volume":"34","author":"Ashton","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868314523838","article-title":"The HEXACO honesty\u2013humility, agreeableness, and emotionality factors: A review of research and theory","volume":"18","author":"Ashton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000537","article-title":"Basic personality and actual criminal convictions","volume":"128","author":"Bader","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.1.3.311","article-title":"Writing narrative literature reviews","volume":"1","author":"Baumeister","year":"1997","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2022.101779","article-title":"The contribution of psychopathic traits and substance use in the prediction of recidivism of sexual offenders","volume":"81","author":"Bazinet","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3577","article-title":"The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths","volume":"14","author":"Blair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854813519629","article-title":"A meta-analysis exploring the relationship between psychopathy and instrumental versus reactive violence","volume":"41","author":"Blais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/03033910.2012.754324","article-title":"Assessment of psycho-social factors predicting recidivistic violent offenses within a sample of male prisoners","volume":"34","author":"Boduszek","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Irish Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonta, J., and Andrews, D. 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