{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:06:15Z","timestamp":1789103175136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012325","name":"National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23BSH142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23BSH142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression and other mental health problems are increasingly prevalent among university students, highlighting the need to identify psychological resources that support mental well-being and early prevention. Adaptive Insensitivity has recently been proposed as a potentially adaptive psychological resource; however, no validated instrument is currently available to assess this construct. This study developed and validated the Insensitivity Scale (IS) among Chinese university students and further examined the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between insensitivity and depressive symptoms. An initial item pool was generated through word association tasks, open-ended surveys, online text analysis, and semi-structured interviews, and the resulting dimensions were subsequently organized and interpreted within the ABC model. The psychometric properties of the IS were evaluated across multiple independent samples using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analyses, and validity assessments. The final 15-item IS comprised three dimensions, Emotional Cognitive Management, Interpersonal Boundary Management, and Behavioral Response Management, and demonstrated satisfactory structural validity, internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability, and criterion-related validity. Insensitivity was positively associated with psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy and negatively associated with emotional vulnerability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Rumination partially mediated the relationship between insensitivity and depressive symptoms, accounting for 52% of the total effect. These findings provide preliminary evidence that insensitivity is associated with better mental health among university students and may represent a potentially complementary perspective on adaptive psychological functioning. The IS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for assessing individual differences in insensitivity and may facilitate further research on its role in psychological adaptation and mental health among university students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:01:56Z","timestamp":1788966116000},"page":"1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insensitivity as an Adaptive Psychological Resource for Mental Health: Development and Validation of a Scale Among Chinese University Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyu","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7929-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonglin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuntena","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"The mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between rumination and anxiety in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"230","article-title":"Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition","volume":"11","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","article-title":"Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire\u2014II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance","volume":"42","author":"Bond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1262","article-title":"Online research in psychology and its future in China","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"24","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the brief resilience scale among Chinese college students","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.93.5.880","article-title":"Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five","volume":"93","author":"DeYoung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Clark, M. 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