{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:56:48Z","timestamp":1792789008042,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","award":["633-2022-00060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["633-2022-00060"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j5jqy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["633-2022-00060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["633-2022-00060"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j5jqy92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav. Sci.","Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study sought to document the psychometric properties of scores on the French Version of the Physical Literacy Self-Description questionnaire. A sample of 191 French-speaking Canadian and French children, aged 5\u201312 years, participated in this study. Results from an exploratory factor analytic solution supported a two-factor solution encompassing (a) perceived confidence and value; and (b) perceived skills competence. Subsequent analyses supported the weak, strong and strict invariance of this solution as a function of sex, and its weak, strong, and partial strict invariance (one item was less reliable in France) across countries. The results also revealed meaningful differences in terms of latent variances (showing more inter-individual variability in Canada and among boys) and covariances (showing stronger correlations in France and among boys) across grouping variables. Results further revealed a lack of differential item functioning as a function of age and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activities, but minimal evidence of differential item functioning as a function of body mass index (on two items). Moreover, Canadian children scored higher on perceived confidence and value and lower on perceived skills competence, while younger children scored higher on perceived skills competence. Likewise, children spending more time in moderate physical activity scored higher in the perceived confidence and value factor, while those spending more time in vigorous physical activity scored higher on the perceived skills competence factor. Finally, results supported the convergent validity of scores obtained on the French Physical Literacy Self-Description questionnaire in relation to parental ratings of children\u2019s overall, cognitive, and motor physical literacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16091672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:41:35Z","timestamp":1789645295000},"page":"1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the French Version of the Physical Literacy Self-Description (PLSD) Questionnaire Among Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4764-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Ma\u00efano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais, Saint-J\u00e9r\u00f4me, QC J7Z 0B7, Canada"},{"name":"Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada"},{"name":"Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4B 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6898-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre J. S.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4B 1R6, Canada"},{"name":"Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, P.O. Box 1174, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanne","family":"April","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais, Saint-J\u00e9r\u00f4me, QC J7Z 0B7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Hue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC G9A 5H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01867-4","article-title":"Validity, reliability, and feasibility of physical literacy assessments designed for school children: A systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Barnett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/17408989.2020.1849596","article-title":"Development of a self-report scale to assess children\u2019s perceived physical literacy","volume":"27","author":"Barnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01063-3","article-title":"Physical literacy, physical activity and health: Toward an evidence-informed conceptual model","volume":"49","author":"Cairney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0648","article-title":"Measurement properties of the Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth (PLAY) tools","volume":"46","author":"Caldwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of goodness of fit indices to lack of measurement invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S. 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