{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:49:15Z","timestamp":1791928155068,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association protocol (NADA) is an adjunctive therapy using 1 to 5 invariant ear acupuncture\/acupressure points. This is a randomized prospective study to determine if NADA plus traditional treatment enhance outcomes: quality of life, depression, anxiety and abstinence from substance abuse. There were 100 patients enrolled in the Keystone Substance Abuse Services-Winthrop University Department of Sociology and Anthropology NADA study. All patients completed Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES) prior to starting the program and at program completion. Patients self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and drug use prior to starting the program at program completion and at 3 and 6 month follow- up. Patient characteristics are predictive of completion versus non-completion when race, criminal history and initial drug test is considered. Those identified as nonwhite, (p &lt; 0.05) and patients with positive initial drug test, (p &lt; 0.01) were more likely to complete treatment in the NADA group. Also, among patients with criminal history a higher percentage failed to complete the program in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Participation in NADA positively associated with Q-LES score (p &lt; 0.05), feeling better about oneself and improved energy (p &lt; 0.05), likelihood of employment upon discharge (p &lt; 0.05), and decreased alcohol use at 3 month follow up (p &lt; 0.05) and 6-month follow-up (p &lt; 0.01). NADA group reported less tobacco use at 6 months (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bs7020037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T10:06:31Z","timestamp":1497607591000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["NADA Ear Acupuncture: An Adjunctive Therapy to Improve and Maintain Positive Outcomes in Substance Abuse Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Psychiatry Consultant, Keystone Substance Abuse Services, 199 S Herlong Ave, Rock Hill, SC 29732, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Olshan-Perlmutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Psychiatry, Carolinas healthcare System BH, Charlotte 501 Billingsley Road, Charlotte, NC 28211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Sociology, Winthrop University, 334 Kinard Hall, Rock Hill, SC 29730, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCC Executive Director Keystone Substance Abuse Services, PO Box4437\/199 S. Herlong Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29732, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture Solutions, 220 Freeman Farm Road, Duncan, SC 29334, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2016, November 22). National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), Available online: http:\/\/wwwdasis.samhsa.gov\/dasis2\/nssats\/2012_nssats_rpt.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (2006). Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Detoxification and Substance Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Helms, J. (1997). 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