{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:27:18Z","timestamp":1790270838337,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long-term follow-up, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumor biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinics. HL is a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies. Nonetheless, approximately 15\u201320% of patients with advanced stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated, leading to treatment-related late sequelae, including solid tumors and organ dysfunction. The malignant cells in HL are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Here, we review the chromosomal instability mechanisms in HL, starting with the cellular origin of neoplastic cells and the mechanisms supporting HL pathogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of the microenvironment, including the influence of viruses and macrophages on the induction of chromosomal instability in HL. We discuss the emerging possibilities to exploit these aberrations as prognostic biomarkers and guides for personalized patient management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10040091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T12:08:25Z","timestamp":1522066105000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Chromosomal Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: An In-Depth Review and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Corina","family":"Cuceu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Bosq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Anapathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Carde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhia","family":"M\u2019kacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France"},{"name":"Cell Environment, DNA damages R&D, Oncology section, 75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.10.025","article-title":"The Hodgkin and Reed\/Sternberg cell","volume":"37","author":"Kuppers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7605428","article-title":"Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer","volume":"266","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0465","article-title":"Second primary malignant neoplasms and survival in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors","volume":"3","author":"Keegan","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.08.012","article-title":"Late relapses following high-dose autologous stem cell transplantation (HD-ASCT) for Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (HL) in the ABVD therapeutic era","volume":"18","author":"Keller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.1194","article-title":"Treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma: A 50-year perspective","volume":"32","author":"Canellos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10962","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.23.10962","article-title":"Hodgkin disease: Hodgkin and reed-sternberg cells picked from histological sections show clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and appear to be derived from b cells at various stages of development","volume":"91","author":"Kuppers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.8401","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: Increasing evidence of the importance of the microenvironment","volume":"29","author":"Steidl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0099","article-title":"The role of cytokines in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"99","author":"Skinnider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65424-7","article-title":"High expression of the CC chemokine TARC in Reed-Sternberg cells. A possible explanation for the characteristic T-cell infiltratein Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"154","author":"Visser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430622","article-title":"Formation of multinucleated cells in a Hodgkin\u2019s-disease-derived cell line","volume":"43","author":"Drexler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.3.818","article-title":"Evidence that Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin disease do not represent cell fusions","volume":"97","author":"Kuppers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28602","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.28602","article-title":"On the origin of giant cells in Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Rengstl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312509110","article-title":"Incomplete cytokinesis and re-fusion of small mononucleated Hodgkin cells lead to giant multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells","volume":"110","author":"Rengstl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers5020714","article-title":"Genomic instability: The driving force behind refractory\/relapsing Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Knecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2010.030171","article-title":"Dynamic chromosomal rearrangements in Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma are due to ongoing three-dimensional nuclear remodeling and breakage-bridge-fusion cycles","volume":"95","author":"Guffei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199806)185:2<145::AID-PATH82>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Chromosomal abnormalities in Hodgkin\u2019s disease are not restricted to Hodgkin\/Reed-Sternberg cells","volume":"185","author":"Jansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00578-9","article-title":"Baseline and treatment-induced chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma patients","volume":"57","author":"Girinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(89)90108-8","article-title":"Cytogenetic effects of radiotherapy. Breakpoint distribution in induced chromosome aberrations","volume":"41","author":"Barrios","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Genet. Cytogenet."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"319","article-title":"CD30-positive T-cell lymphomas co-expressing CD15: An immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"22","author":"Gorczyca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09113.x","article-title":"Genetic lesions of the TRAF3 and MAP3K14 genes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"157","author":"Otto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/13.S1.11","article-title":"Biology of Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Kuppers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.10.3020","article-title":"Detection of clonal T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene rearrangements in reed-sternberg cells of classic Hodgkin disease","volume":"95","author":"Seitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119849","article-title":"Constitutive Nuclear Factor-\u03baB-rela activation is required for proliferation and survival of Hodgkin\u2019s disease tumor cells","volume":"100","author":"Bargou","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-189688","article-title":"Circulating clonotypic B cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"113","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13349","article-title":"Detection of classical Hodgkin lymphoma specific sequence in peripheral blood using a next-generation sequencing approach","volume":"169","author":"Oki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V71.5.1382.1382","article-title":"Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin\u2019s cell lines HDLM, L-428, and KM-H2 are not actively replicating: Lack of bromodeoxyuridine uptake by multinuclear cells in culture","volume":"71","author":"Hsu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205337","article-title":"Ligand-independent signaling by overexpressed CD30 drives NF-\u03baB activation in Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells","volume":"21","author":"Horie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24502","article-title":"Mutations of NFKBIA, encoding I\u03baB \u03b1, are a recurrent finding in classical Hodgkin lymphoma but are not a unifying feature of non-EBV-associated cases","volume":"125","author":"Lake","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer. J. Int. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergencyto.2009.11.005","article-title":"Mutations of NFKBIA in biopsy specimens from Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"197","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Genet. Cytogenet."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1381","article-title":"Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by recurrent copy number gains of the short ARM of chromosome 2","volume":"99","author":"Joos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1474","article-title":"Recurrent involvement of the rel and BCL11A loci in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"99","author":"Gesk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090765","article-title":"A20 takes on tumors: Tumor suppression by an ubiquitin-editing enzyme","volume":"206","author":"Malynn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090528","article-title":"TNFAIP3 (A20) is a tumor suppressor gene in Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma","volume":"206","author":"Schmitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5118","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-09-110635","article-title":"Overexpressed NF-\u03baB-inducing kinase contributes to the tumorigenesis of adult T-cell leukemia and Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells","volume":"111","author":"Saitoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-405951","article-title":"Hodgkin lymphoma requires stabilized NIK and constitutive relb expression for survival","volume":"120","author":"Ranuncolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3843","article-title":"Chromosomal rearrangements involving the BCL3 locus are recurrent in classical Hodgkin and peripheral T-cell lymphoma","volume":"108","author":"Wlodarska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.010157","article-title":"Mutations in the genes coding for the NF-\u03baB regulating factors I\u03baB\u03b1 and A20 are uncommon in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"95","author":"Schumacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.347","article-title":"JAK\/STAT signaling in hematological malignancies","volume":"32","author":"Vainchenker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-307710","article-title":"Down-regulation of BLIMP1A by the EBV oncogene, LMP-1, disrupts the plasma cell differentiation program and prevents viral replication in B cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas","volume":"117","author":"Vrzalikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.2.618","article-title":"Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 is frequently activated in Hodgkin and reed-sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"99","author":"Skinnider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020062","article-title":"Nuclear factor \u03baB-dependent gene expression profiling of Hodgkin\u2019s disease tumor cells, pathogenetic significance, and link to constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A activity","volume":"196","author":"Hinz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-105643","article-title":"IL-21 is expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma and activates stat5: Evidence that activated stat5 is required for Hodgkin lymphomagenesis","volume":"111","author":"Scheeren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"549","article-title":"Genomic imbalances including amplification of the tyrosine kinase gene JAK2 in CD30+ Hodgkin cells","volume":"60","author":"Joos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-06-291310","article-title":"JAK2 rearrangements, including the novel SEC31A-JAK2 fusion, are recurrent in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"117","author":"Cox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209151","article-title":"Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene SOCS-1 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma are frequent and associated with nuclear phospho-stat5 accumulation","volume":"25","author":"Weniger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"372","author":"Ansell","year":"2015","journal-title":"N.Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.4482","article-title":"PD-L1 and PD-L2 genetic alterations define classical Hodgkin lymphoma and predict outcome","volume":"34","author":"Roemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1","article-title":"High expression of programmed cell death receptor 1 in the tumor microenvironment is associated with inferior event free survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"101","author":"Hollander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9030","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207116","article-title":"Control of apoptosis by p53","volume":"22","author":"Fridman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D962","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1033","article-title":"The TP53 website: An integrative resource centre for the TP53 mutation database and TP53 mutant analysis","volume":"41","author":"Leroy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404565","article-title":"Pharmacologic activation of p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptotic pathways in Hodgkin\/Reed-Sternberg cells","volume":"21","author":"Janz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a001016","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001016","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and correlates of TP53 mutations and cancer","volume":"2","author":"Robles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2191-0","article-title":"Preexisting TP53 mutation in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28422","article-title":"Subclonal evolution of a classical Hodgkin lymphoma from a germinal center B-cell-derived mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"134","author":"Schneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7905","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206826","article-title":"Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to radiation sensitivity in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"22","author":"Bennaceur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2009","article-title":"Cell cycle deregulation in B-cell lymphomas","volume":"101","author":"Piris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.851000","article-title":"Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress","volume":"14","author":"Tibbetts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/35044005","article-title":"The DNA damage response: Putting checkpoints in perspective","volume":"408","author":"Zhou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000472285","article-title":"Ataxia-telangiectasia: Closer to unraveling the mystery","volume":"3","author":"Shiloh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.10.3920.3920_3920_3926","article-title":"Inactivation of the ATM gene in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemias","volume":"91","author":"Soulier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46870-4_9","article-title":"The ataxia telangiectasia gene in familial and sporadic cancer","volume":"154","author":"Yuille","year":"1998","journal-title":"Recent Res. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.2.748","article-title":"Somatic ATM mutations indicate a pathogenic role of ATM in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Schaffner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"24","article-title":"ATM mutations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"59","author":"Bullrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.9.3262","article-title":"Molecular characterization of 11q deletions points to a pathogenic role of the ATM gene in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"94","author":"Stilgenbauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.1.238","article-title":"ATM gene inactivation in mantle cell lymphoma mainly occurs by truncating mutations and missense mutations involving the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase domain and is associated with increasing numbers of chromosomal imbalances","volume":"99","author":"Camacho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.050400997","article-title":"Mantle cell lymphoma is characterized by inactivation of the ATM gene","volume":"97","author":"Schaffner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(02)00823-3","article-title":"Blastoid mantle cell lymphoma: Evidence for nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities additional to t(11;14) and generation of a mouse model","volume":"143","author":"Farace","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Genet. Cytogenet."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"3813","article-title":"Rare variants of ATM and risk for Hodgkin\u2019s disease and radiation-associated breast cancers","volume":"8","author":"Offit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res. Off."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601522","article-title":"Molecular variants of the ATM gene in Hodgkin\u2019s disease in children","volume":"90","author":"Liberzon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0094","article-title":"Identification and characterization of polymorphic variations of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene in childhood Hodgkin disease","volume":"103","author":"Takagi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63672-3","article-title":"Variations in ATM protein expression during normal lymphoid differentiation and among B-cell-derived neoplasias","volume":"163","author":"Starczynski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.10.1.27","article-title":"The role of cellular flice inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer","volume":"10","author":"Dutton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6611","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400765101","article-title":"Expression of the cellular flice-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) protects Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma cells from autonomous FAS-mediated death","volume":"101","author":"Dutton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf389","article-title":"Aberrantly expressed c-JUN and junb are a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma cells, stimulate proliferation and synergize with NF-\u03baB","volume":"21","author":"Mathas","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-085399","article-title":"ATM kinase activity modulates fas sensitivity through the regulation of FLIP in lymphoid cells","volume":"111","author":"Stagni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.4.1259","article-title":"Heterozygous germline ATM mutations do not contribute to radiation-associated malignancies after Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Nichols","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"999","article-title":"ATR alterations in Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22204","article-title":"Deregulated fox genes in Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"53","author":"Nagel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Chromosom. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2523","article-title":"The evolution of fox genes and their role in development and disease","volume":"10","author":"Hannenhalli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2011.03.003","article-title":"Forkhead transcription factors: Key players in health and disease","volume":"27","author":"Benayoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-590570","article-title":"FOXO1 repression contributes to block of plasma cell differentiation in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"124","author":"Vogel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8484121","article-title":"Clues to the pathogenesis of familial colorectal cancer","volume":"260","author":"Aaltonen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/363558a0","article-title":"Ubiquitous somatic mutations in simple repeated sequences reveal a new mechanism for colonic carcinogenesis","volume":"363","author":"Ionov","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8484122","article-title":"Microsatellite instability in cancer of the proximal colon","volume":"260","author":"Thibodeau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Target gene mutation profile differs between gastrointestinal and endometrial tumors with mismatch repair deficiency","volume":"62","author":"Duval","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24681","article-title":"The mechanisms underlying MMR deficiency in immunodeficiency-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas are different from those in other sporadic microsatellite instable neoplasms","volume":"125","author":"Borie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer. J. Int. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400945101","article-title":"The mutator pathway is a feature of immunodeficiency-related lymphomas","volume":"101","author":"Duval","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401894","article-title":"Karyotypic dissection of Hodgkin\u2019s disease cell lines reveals ectopic subtelomeres and ribosomal DNA at sites of multiple jumping translocations and genomic amplification","volume":"14","author":"MacLeod","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1586","article-title":"Proficient mismatch repair protein expression in Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells","volume":"97","author":"Re","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Int. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"42","article-title":"Hodgkin\u2019s disease derived cell lines: A review","volume":"5","author":"Drexler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3429.bloodjournal8783429","article-title":"Molecular single cell analysis demonstrates the derivation of a peripheral blood-derived cell line (l1236) from the Hodgkin\/Reed-Sternberg cells of a Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma patient","volume":"87","author":"Kanzler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196907)24:1<135::AID-CNCR2820240118>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Proliferation characteristics of the various classes of cells in Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Peckham","year":"1969","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"179","article-title":"Cell proliferation in Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Peckham","year":"1973","journal-title":"Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3418.bloodjournal8783418","article-title":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with advanced Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma give rise to permanently growing Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells","volume":"87","author":"Wolf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291727","article-title":"Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated Hodgkin\u2019s patients. A possible evidence for chromosome instability","volume":"78","author":"Barrios","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"298","article-title":"Genomic instability and recurrent breakpoints are main cytogenetic findings in Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"84","author":"Falzetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.145102","article-title":"Detection and prognostic value of recurrent exportin 1 mutations in tumor and cell-free circulating DNA of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"101","author":"Camus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2012.10.006","article-title":"Centrosomes, chromosome instability (CIN) and aneuploidy","volume":"24","author":"Vitre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.77","article-title":"Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay","volume":"2","author":"Fenech","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protocols"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.390088","article-title":"The kelch protein KLHDC8B guards against mitotic errors, centrosomal amplification, and chromosomal instability","volume":"287","author":"Krem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.3.2.10479","article-title":"KLHDC8B in Hodgkin lymphoma and possibly twinning","volume":"3","author":"Timms","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23544","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.23544","article-title":"Mitotic errors, aneuploidy and micronuclei in Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Krem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"142","article-title":"Molecular-biological properties of blood lymphocytes of Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma patients. Plausible possibility of treatment effect prognosis","volume":"52","author":"Pelevina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiats. Biol. Radioecol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21691","article-title":"Persistent genomic instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Hodgkin lymphoma survivors","volume":"53","author":"Salas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2012.02835.x","article-title":"High frequency of t(14;18) in Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma associated with follicular lymphoma","volume":"62","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257345","article-title":"Genome-wide copy number analysis of Hodgkin reed-sternberg cells identifies recurrent imbalances with correlations to treatment outcome","volume":"116","author":"Steidl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12875","article-title":"Detection of genomic imbalances in microdissected Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma by array-based comparative genomic hybridization","volume":"93","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4856","article-title":"A meta-analysis of Hodgkin lymphoma reveals 19p13.3 TCF3 as a novel susceptibility locus","volume":"5","author":"Cozen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of the mutational landscape and dynamics in Hodgkin lymphoma using NGS","volume":"101","author":"Mata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1409","article-title":"In situ analyses of genome instability in breast cancer","volume":"36","author":"Chin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOMG.0000048775.04140.92","article-title":"Telomere shortening occurs early during breast tumorigenesis: A cause of chromosome destabilization underlying malignant transformation?","volume":"9","author":"Meeker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14098","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120062109","article-title":"Telomere fusions in early human breast carcinoma","volume":"109","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.314","article-title":"The 3D nuclear organization of telomeres marks the transition from Hodgkin to Reed-Sternberg cells","volume":"23","author":"Knecht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22501","article-title":"Initiation of telomere-mediated chromosomal rearrangements in cancer","volume":"109","author":"Mai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knecht, H., Bruderlein, S., Wegener, S., Lichtensztejn, D., Lichtensztejn, Z., Lemieux, B., Moller, P., and Mai, S. (2010). 3D nuclear organization of telomeres in the Hodgkin cell lines U-HO1 and U-HO1-PTPN1: PTPN1 expression prevents the formation of very short telomeres including \u201ct-stumps\u201d. BMC Cell Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-11-99"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.2","article-title":"3D telomere FISH defines LMP1-expressing Reed-Sternberg cells as end-stage cells with telomere-poor \u2018ghost\u2019 nuclei and very short telomeres","volume":"90","author":"Knecht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.12142","article-title":"Three-dimensional telomere signatures of Hodgkin- and Reed-Sternberg cells at diagnosis identify patients with poor response to conventional chemotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Knecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.2.567","article-title":"Telomerase activity in Hodgkin\u2019s disease","volume":"92","author":"Norrback","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"364","article-title":"Techniques for detection of telomerase activity in tissue samples. Diagnostic and prognosis importance","volume":"17","author":"Brousset","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.01.050","article-title":"Telomere shortening and associated chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma prior to any treatment are predictive of second cancers","volume":"68","author":"Girinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.01.021","article-title":"Prospective coronary heart disease screening in asymptomatic Hodgkin lymphoma patients using coronary computed tomography angiography: Results and risk factor analysis","volume":"89","author":"Girinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncu296","article-title":"Telomere shortening: A new prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease post-radiation exposure","volume":"164","author":"Girinsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1607752","article-title":"Danazol treatment for telomere diseases","volume":"375","author":"Townsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9294-2","article-title":"Delayed exposure to infections and childhood lymphomas: A case-control study","volume":"20","author":"Michos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12155","article-title":"Regulation of Epstein\u2013barr virus reactivation from latency","volume":"58","author":"Murata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4459","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus and the pathogenesis of lymphoma","volume":"235","author":"Vockerodt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2016.08.006","article-title":"Karyotypic abnormalities associated with Epstein-Barr virus status in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"209","author":"Montgomery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Genet."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.258","article-title":"Three Epstein-Barr virus latency proteins independently promote genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair and inactivating cell cycle checkpoints","volume":"28","author":"Gruhne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.35","article-title":"The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 promotes telomere dysfunction via induction of oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Kamranvar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-594176","article-title":"LMP1 mediates multinuclearity through downregulation of shelterin proteins and formation of telomeric aggregates","volume":"125","author":"Lajoie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"78","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of patients with LMP-1 positive Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma after EBV infection","volume":"22","author":"Ping","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12175","article-title":"Prognostic significance of CD20 expression and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association in classical Hodgkin lymphoma in Japan: A clinicopathologic study","volume":"64","author":"Elsayed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2014.06.001","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic significance of Epstein-Barr virus infection in classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"46s","article-title":"Human Herpesvirus 6 in non-aids related Hodgkin\u2019s and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"6","author":"Torelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-1-2","article-title":"Antibodies against six human herpesviruses in relation to seven cancers in black south africans: A case control study","volume":"1","author":"Urban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Cancer"},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"95","article-title":"Anti-HHV-6 antibodies in normal population and in cancer patients in india","volume":"6","author":"Shanavas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.12.015","article-title":"Human polyomaviruses in disease and cancer","volume":"437","author":"Dalianis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21277","article-title":"Antibodies to JC and BK viruses among persons with non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"117","author":"Engels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23536.x","article-title":"Absence of SV40 and other polyomavirus (JCV, BKV) DNA in primary cutaneous b cell lymphomas","volume":"124","author":"Gellrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.7.3462-3469.2004","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma expressing the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus, genome","volume":"78","author":"Enam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.13.1001","article-title":"Association between simian virus 40 DNA and lymphoma in the united kingdom","volume":"95","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07950-3","article-title":"Association between simian virus 40 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"359","author":"Vilchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7551","article-title":"JC human polyomavirus (JCV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicative activities are detected in Hodgkin\/reed sternberg cells (HRS) and circulating lymphocytes (PBL) of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and associated with relapse, especially in younger patients","volume":"24","author":"Carde","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1086\/301954","article-title":"An association, in adult japanese, between the occurrence of rogue cells among cultured lymphocytes (JC virus activity) and the frequency of \u201csimple\u201d chromosomal damage among the lymphocytes of persons exhibiting these rogue cells","volume":"63","author":"Neel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5181","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206559","article-title":"Human neurotropic polyomavirus, JCV, and its role in carcinogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Khalili","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp375","article-title":"JC human polyomavirus is associated to chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma patients and poor clinical outcome","volume":"21","author":"Andreoletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-5125","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment and mitotic checkpoint are key factors in the outcome of classic Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"108","author":"Montalban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07262.x","article-title":"Identification of candidate tumour suppressor gene loci for Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells by characterisation of homozygous deletions in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines","volume":"142","author":"Giefing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.9881","article-title":"Expression of foxp3, CD68, and CD20 at diagnosis in the microenvironment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma is predictive of outcome","volume":"31","author":"Greaves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.11.3733","article-title":"Retroviral transduction of oncogenic sequences involves viral DNA instead of RNA","volume":"85","author":"Goodrich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905680","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages and survival in classic Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"362","author":"Steidl","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crane, G.M., Samols, M.A., Morsberger, L.A., Yonescu, R., Thiess, M.L., Batista, D.A., Ning, Y., Burns, K.H., Vuica-Ross, M., and Borowitz, M.J. (2016). Tumor-infiltrating macrophages in post-transplant, relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma are donor-derived. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163559"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22929","article-title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma two years after autologous stem cell transplant for Hodgkin lymphoma: Evidence for genomic instability","volume":"56","author":"Chandrakasan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/10\/4\/91\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:58:35Z","timestamp":1760194715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/10\/4\/91"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers10040091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers10040091","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]}}}