{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:12Z","timestamp":1787027832318,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","award":["grant #390686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant #390686"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000147","name":"Canadian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["705478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["705478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a unique disease entity both in its pathology and the young patient population that it primarily affects. Although cure rates are high, survivorship can be linked with significant long-term morbidity associated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The most significant recent advances have been with the use of the anti-CD30-drug conjugated antibody brentuximab vedotin (BV) and inhibitors of program death 1 (PD-1). HL is genetically wired to up-regulate program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in &gt;95% of cases, creating a state of so-called \u201cT cell exhaustion\u201d, which can be reversed with immune checkpoint-inhibitor blockade. The overall and complete response rates to PD-1 inhibitors in patients with relapsed or refractory HL are 70% and 20%, respectively, with a long median duration of response of ~16 months. In fact, PD-1 inhibitors can benefit a wide spectrum of relapsed HL patients, including some who have \u201cprogressive disease\u201d by strict response criteria. We review the biology of HL, with a focus on the immune micro-environment and mechanisms of immune evasion. We also provide the rationale supporting the use of PD-1 inhibitors in HL and highlight some of the challenges of monitoring disease response in patients treated with this immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10060204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T11:21:20Z","timestamp":1529061680000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Meti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khashayar","family":"Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdf652","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. 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