{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:40:13Z","timestamp":1790041213829,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010629","name":"Fulbright Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["There is no funding number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["There is no funding number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Studies investigating the effect of salt on gastric cancer have mainly used self-reported measures, which are not as accurate as sodium\/creatinine ratios because individuals may not know the amount of salt in their food. Using data from a prospective cohort study, we investigated the effect of salt intake on progression to gastric precancerous lesions. Salt intake was estimated by urinary sodium\/creatinine ratios, self-reported frequencies of adding salt to food, and total added table salt. We repeated the analyses among groups with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. We did not observe a positive association between salt intake, measured by urinary sodium\/creatinine ratio, and overall progression in the gastric precancerous process (adjusted risk ratio (RR): 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76\u20131.15). We did observe an association between salt intake and increased risk for progression to dysplasia or gastric cancer overall (RR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.96\u20131.81), especially among those who continued to have H. pylori infection at the five-month follow-up (adjusted RR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.12\u20132.09), and among those who had persistent H. pylori infection over 12 years (adjusted RR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.09\u20132.05). Salt intake may increase the risk of gastric dysplasia or gastric cancer in individuals with H. pylori infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T03:13:42Z","timestamp":1554347622000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association between Dietary Salt Intake and Progression in the Gastric Precancerous Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Thapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori A.","family":"Fischbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Delongchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed F.","family":"Faramawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Orloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"},{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.10.003","article-title":"The fight against gastric cancer\u2014The IARC Working Group report","volume":"28","author":"Herrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. 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