{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:15:34Z","timestamp":1787318134714,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan","award":["15H02657, 16H06279, 16H05191 and 18KK0266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H02657, 16H06279, 16H05191 and 18KK0266"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Grants","award":["DK62813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK62813"]}]},{"name":"Cancer Prevention &amp; Research Institute of Texas grant","award":["RP150587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP150587"]}]},{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Development, Infection and Injury","award":["NIDDK P30 DK 56338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDDK P30 DK 56338"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related chronic gastritis is a well-known major etiological factor for gastric cancer development. However, H. pylori-negative gastritis (HpN) is not well described. We aimed to examine gastric mucosal microbiota in HpN compared to H. pylori-positive gastritis (HpP) and H. pylori-negative non-gastritis group (control). Here, we studied 11 subjects with HpN, 40 with HpP and 24 controls. We performed endoscopy with six gastric biopsies. Comparison groups were defined based on strict histological criteria for the disease and H. pylori diagnosis. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile the gastric microbiota according to comparison groups. These results demonstrate that the HpP group had significantly lower bacterial richness by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) counts, and Shannon and Simpson indices as compared to HpN or controls. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed the enrichment of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at phylum level in the HpN group. In the age-adjusted multivariate analysis, Streptococcus sp. and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were at a significantly increased risk for HpN (odds ratio 18.9 and 12.3, respectively) based on abundance. Treponema sp. was uniquely found in HpN based on occurrence. In this paper, we conclude that Streptococcus sp., Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Treponema sp. are candidate pathogenic bacterial species for HpN. These results if confirmed may have important clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T11:25:08Z","timestamp":1554895508000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Gastric Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive Gastritis Among High Incidence of Gastric Cancer Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Boldbaatar","family":"Gantuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem B.","family":"El-Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadim J.","family":"Ajami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khasag","family":"Oyuntsetseg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dashdorj","family":"Azzaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1222-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshio","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2012.1701","article-title":"H. pylori infection and gastric cancer: State of the art","volume":"42","author":"Conteduca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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