{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T03:28:54Z","timestamp":1776223734190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-aid for scientific research from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","award":["17H04340, 18K09274, 18K09300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H04340, 18K09274, 18K09300"]}]},{"name":"Mr. Minoru Sano Memorial Fund and Tokai University Research Aid","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive glycopeptide spectra analysis of serum between cancer and non-cancer patients to identify early biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: Approximately 30,000 glycopeptide peaks were detected from the digested serum glycoproteins of 39 EOC patients (23 early-stage, 16 advanced-stage) and 45 non-cancer patients (27 leiomyoma and ovarian cyst cases, 18 endometrioma cases) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS). The differential glycopeptide peak spectra were analyzed to distinguish between cancer and non-cancer groups by employing multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and heat maps. Results: Examined spectral peaks were filtered down to 2281 serum quantitative glycopeptide signatures for differentiation between ovarian cancer and controls using multivariate analysis. The OPLS-DA model using cross-validation parameters R2 and Q2 and score plots of the serum samples significantly differentiated the EOC group from the non-cancer control group. In addition, women with early-stage clear cell carcinoma and endometriomas were clearly distinguished from each other by OPLS-DA as well as by PCA and heat maps. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential of comprehensive serum glycoprotein analysis as a useful tool for ovarian cancer detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1556506652000},"page":"591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comprehensive Serum Glycopeptide Spectra Analysis (CSGSA): A Potential New Tool for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Masaru","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Solution Promotion Department, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo 1748555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masae","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Yasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Machida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Shida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan H.","family":"Grubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikio","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Molecular genetics and epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer (Review)","volume":"26","author":"Haruta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncol. 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