{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:56:10Z","timestamp":1792007770500,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006383","name":"Sy\u00f6p\u00e4j\u00e4rjest\u00f6t","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006196","name":"Oulun Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"Helsingin Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltosen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005634","name":"Suomen Hammasl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4riseura Apollonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007083","name":"Orionin Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Funds","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We recently showed that extracellular interleukin-17F (IL-17F) correlates with better disease-specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of such effect remain obscure. Here, we used qRT-PCR to assess the expression of IL-17F and its receptors (IL-17RA and IL-17RC) in two OTSCC cell lines (HSC-3 and SCC-25) and in normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). IL-17F effects on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were studied using a live-imaging IncuCyte system, and a Caspase-3\/7 reagent was used for testing apoptosis. 3D tumor spheroids were utilized to assess the impact of IL-17F on invasion with or without cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Tube-formation assays were used to examine the effects of IL-17F on angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). OTSCC cells express low levels of IL-17F, IL-17RA, and IL-17RC mRNA compared with HOKs. IL-17F inhibited cell proliferation and random migration of highly invasive HSC-3 cells. CAFs promoted OTSCC invasion in tumor spheroids, whereas IL-17F eliminated such effect. IL-17F suppressed HUVEC tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, we suggest that IL-17F counteracts the pro-tumorigenic activity in OTSCC. Due to its downregulation in tumor cells and inhibitory activity in in vitro cancer models, targeting IL-17F or its regulatory pathways could lead to promising immunotherapeutic strategies against OTSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T05:35:39Z","timestamp":1557725739000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Interleukin-17F Has Anti-Tumor Effects in Oral Tongue Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rabeia","family":"Almahmoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhakim","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakhr","family":"Murshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Rocha","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Piracicaba, S\u00e3o Paulo 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6840-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsanul Hoque","family":"Apu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Research Group of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuula","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Research Group of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1938-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.7883","article-title":"Increasing incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young white women, age 18 to 44 years","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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