{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T05:31:47Z","timestamp":1785562307447,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor initiation, invasiveness, metastasis, and recurrence in a broad range of human cancers. Although being a key player in cancer development and progression by stimulating proliferation and metastasis and preventing apoptosis, the role of the transcription factor NF-\u03baB in cancer stem cells is still underestimated. In the present review, we will evaluate the role of NF-\u03baB in CSCs of glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, as well as cancer of the bone. Next to summarizing current knowledge regarding the presence and contribution of CSCs to the respective types of cancer, we will emphasize NF-\u03baB-mediated signaling pathways directly involved in maintaining characteristics of cancer stem cells associated to tumor progression. Here, we will also focus on the status of NF-\u03baB-activity predominantly in CSC populations and the tumor mass. Genetic alterations leading to NF-\u03baB activity in glioblastoma, ependymoma, and multiple myeloma will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T05:35:39Z","timestamp":1557725739000},"page":"655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["A Role for NF-\u03baB in Organ Specific Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Kaltschmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0409-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanze","family":"Banz-Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahar","family":"Benhidjeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Schildescher Strasse 99, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Beshay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Thoracic Surgery and Pneumology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstrasse 41, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckard","family":"Hamelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Jorch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Mertzlufft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Director, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesco","family":"Pfitzenmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Center for Computer-assisted and Robotic Urology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Schulte am Esch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Schildescher Strasse 99, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vordemvenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Trauma Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"W\u00e4hnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Trauma Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Weissinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Oncology, Internal Medicine, Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, Palliative Medicine, and Tumor Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstrasse 41, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kaltschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/367645a0","article-title":"A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID 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