{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:04:53Z","timestamp":1777363493597,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Government","award":["16K10694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K10694"]}]},{"name":"the Magnetic Health Science Foundation, Japan","award":["2017 Grant-in-Aid"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 Grant-in-Aid"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is not clear whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for the assessment of pleural diseases. The aim of this study is to determine whether diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can differentiate malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from pleural dissemination of lung cancer, empyema or pleural effusion. The DWI was calibrated with the b value of 0 and 800 s\/mm2. There were 11 MPMs (8 epithelioid and 3 biphasic), 10 pleural disseminations of lung cancer, 10 empyemas, and 12 pleural effusions. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the pleural diseases was 1.22 \u00b1 0.25 \u00d7 10\u22123 mm2\/s in the MPMs, 1.31 \u00b1 0.49 \u00d7 10\u22123 mm2\/s in the pleural disseminations, 2.01 \u00b1 0.45 \u00d7 10\u22123 mm2\/s in the empyemas and 3.76 \u00b1 0.62 \u00d7 10\u22123 mm2\/s in the pleural effusions. The ADC of the MPMs and the pleural disseminations were significantly lower than the ADC of the empyemas and the pleural effusions. Concerning the diffusion pattern of DWI, all 11 MPMs showed strong continuous diffusion, 9 of 10 pleural disseminations showed strong scattered diffusion and 1 pleural dissemination showed strong continuous diffusion, all 10 empyemas showed weak continuous diffusion, and all 12 pleural effusions showed no decreased diffusion. DWI can evaluate pleural diseases morphologically and qualitatively, and thus differentiate between malignant and benign pleural diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11060811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T10:55:19Z","timestamp":1560336919000},"page":"811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Can Differentiate between Malignant and Benign Pleural Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-9356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuo","family":"Usuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Iwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aika","family":"Funasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sekimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Motono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munetaka","family":"Matoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5083-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Doai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohsuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimichi","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiological and Experimental Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9907-6421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Uramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.346130089","article-title":"Multimodality imaging for characterization, classification, and staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"34","author":"Nickell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9909-9","article-title":"Applications of magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax in pleural diseases: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"194","author":"Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.172.4.10587144","article-title":"Staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma: Comparison of CT and MR imaging","volume":"172","author":"Heelan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. 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