{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:37:49Z","timestamp":1791275869831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preoperative physical exercise protocols prior to cancer surgery increased in popularity over recent years; however, the beneficial effect of such protocols is not well established, with conflicting results reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of different modalities or combinations of preoperative exercise interventions and\/or prehabilitation multicomponent training in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery on the outcomes related to functional capacity, mental wellness and medical care. We searched in OVID Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Characteristics of studies and program results and outcome data were extracted. Changes between the intervention and control groups, from baseline to follow-up (standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each intervention was pooled using weighted random-effects models). A total of 676 participants from 10 RCTs were included in the final analysis (aerobic training + inspiratory muscle training, n = 5; aerobic training + strength training + inspiratory muscle training, n = 2; aerobic training + strength training, n = 1; multicomponent training, n = 1; aerobic training alone, n = 1). The results showed intervention-induced improvement in walking endurance (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.44; I2 = 0.0%), peak exercise capacity (SMD = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.21; I2 = 76.7%), dyspnoea (SMD = \u22120.30; 95% CI, \u22120.51 to \u22120.10; I2 = 0.0%), risk of hospitalization (SMD = \u22120.58; 95% CI, \u22120.97 to \u22120.20; I2 = 70.7%), and postoperative pulmonary complications (relative risk (RR) = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.66; I2 = 0.0%). For the functional capacity and medical care parameters, preoperative combined aerobic, resistance, and inspiratory muscle training was shown to be effective if comprising one to four weeks, performing 1\u20133 sessions per week, with moderate intensity (50% for endurance capacity). Further studies with larger samples and higher methodological quality are needed to clarify the potential benefits of preoperative exercise training for patients with NSCLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11070944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T11:44:16Z","timestamp":1562327056000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials on Preoperative Physical Exercise Interventions in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ilem D.","family":"Rosero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra\u2019s Health Research Institute, C\/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3075-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra\u2019s Health Research Institute, C\/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejando","family":"Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Velilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra\u2019s Health Research Institute, C\/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Santos-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), 28670 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"i+HeALTH, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idoia","family":"Morilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra\u2019s Health Research Institute, C\/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra\u2019s Health Research Institute, C\/irunlarrea 3, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1342949","article-title":"Epidemiology of lung cancer","volume":"30","author":"Ridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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P\u00fablica"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/11\/7\/944\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:02:48Z","timestamp":1760187768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/11\/7\/944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers11070944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11070944","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]}}}