{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:48:05Z","timestamp":1760240885486,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer continues to be a major worldwide health issue, with more than 50% of patients having incurable metastatic disease at diagnosis. Fortunately, the advanced lung cancer treatment landscape is changing rapidly as a result of the positive impact of effective inhibitors of tumor driver mutations, and the more recent discovery that immune modulation with anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies results in tumor regression and prolonged survival. While a relatively small subset of lung cancer patients are candidates for inhibitors of driver mutations, the majority of advanced lung cancer patients are candidates for an immunotherapy regimen. Many of these patients have cachexia, which is associated with increased cancer therapy toxicity and possibly reduced responsiveness to immunotherapy. Two ongoing cachexia trials, one testing a ghrelin analogue and the other testing a multimodal strategy, have endpoints which assess clinical benefit\u2014weight gain and relief of anorexia\/cachexia symptoms. Provided that the trial objectives are achieved, these treatment strategies will provide a way to relieve suffering and distress for cachectic cancer patients. While awaiting the results of these trials, it would be reasonable to consider designing studies testing cachexia treatments combined with first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy\u2013immunotherapy in stage IV lung cancer patients, with enhanced overall survival being one of the endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T03:20:36Z","timestamp":1571973636000},"page":"1619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Theoretical and Practical Implications of Treating Cachexia in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Fidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Palmi","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1520-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Borgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17105","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.105","article-title":"Cancer-associated cachexia","volume":"4","author":"Baracos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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