{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:12:56Z","timestamp":1790698376948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":217,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation arrest, and accumulation of immature myeloid progenitors. Although clinical advances in AML have been made, especially in young patients, long-term disease-free survival remains poor, making this disease an unmet therapeutic challenge. Epigenetic alterations and mutations in epigenetic regulators contribute to the pathogenesis of AML, supporting the rationale for the use of epigenetic drugs in patients with AML. While hypomethylating agents have already been approved in AML, the use of other epigenetic inhibitors, such as histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi), is under clinical development. HDACi such as Panobinostat, Vorinostat, and Tricostatin A have been shown to promote cell death, autophagy, apoptosis, or growth arrest in preclinical AML models, yet these inhibitors do not seem to be effective as monotherapies, but rather in combination with other drugs. In this review, we discuss the rationale for the use of different HDACi in patients with AML, the results of preclinical studies, and the results obtained in clinical trials. Although so far the results with HDACi in clinical trials in AML have been modest, there are some encouraging data from treatment with the HDACi Pracinostat in combination with DNA demethylating agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1573728994000},"page":"1794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["HDAC Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Edurne","family":"San Jos\u00e9-En\u00e9riz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Hemato-Oncolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naroa","family":"Gimenez-Camino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Hemato-Oncolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6558-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xabier","family":"Agirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Hemato-Oncolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Prosper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Hemato-Oncolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Hematolog\u00eda, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0092-6","article-title":"Regulatory networks in AML","volume":"19","author":"Wrighton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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