{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:11Z","timestamp":1787027831536,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1CA084203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1CA084203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1CA160998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1CA160998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1CA158415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1CA158415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related deaths in the United States, with five-year survival rates of 15\u201320% for stage III cancers and 5% for stage IV cancers. The standard of care for advanced OvCa involves surgical debulking of disseminated disease in the peritoneum followed by chemotherapy. Despite advances in treatment efficacy, the prognosis for advanced stage OvCa patients remains poor and the emergence of chemoresistant disease localized to the peritoneum is the primary cause of death. Therefore, a complementary modality that is agnostic to typical chemo- and radio-resistance mechanisms is urgently needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photochemistry-based process, is an ideal complement to standard treatments for residual disease. The confinement of the disease in the peritoneal cavity makes it amenable for regionally localized treatment with PDT. PDT involves photochemical generation of cytotoxic reactive molecular species (RMS) by non-toxic photosensitizers (PSs) following exposure to non-harmful visible light, leading to localized cell death. However, due to the complex topology of sensitive organs in the peritoneum, diffuse intra-abdominal PDT induces dose-limiting toxicities due to non-selective accumulation of PSs in both healthy and diseased tissue. In an effort to achieve selective damage to tumorous nodules, targeted PS formulations have shown promise to make PDT a feasible treatment modality in this setting. This targeted strategy involves chemical conjugation of PSs to antibodies, referred to as photoimmunoconjugates (PICs), to target OvCa specific molecular markers leading to enhanced therapeutic outcomes while reducing off-target toxicity. In light of promising results of pilot clinical studies and recent preclinical advances, this review provides the rationale and methodologies for PIC-based PDT, or photo-immunotherapy (PIT), in the context of OvCa management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T11:07:00Z","timestamp":1574852820000},"page":"1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Photoimmunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer: A Unique Niche in the Management of Advanced Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5778-7615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhankar","family":"Nath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3337-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ahsan","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pigula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.R.","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0871-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayyaba","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"viii13","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx446","article-title":"Acquired chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer","volume":"28","author":"Christie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70123-1","article-title":"Evolution of platinum resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer","volume":"12","author":"Cooke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20113","article-title":"Recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer","volume":"61","author":"Jelovac","year":"2011","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-017-3501-8","article-title":"Advances in ovarian cancer therapy","volume":"81","author":"Cortez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brackmann, M., Stasenko, M., Uppal, S., Erba, J., Reynolds, R.K., and McLean, K. (2018). Comparison of first-line chemotherapy regimens for ovarian carcinosarcoma: A single institution case series and review of the literature. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4082-6"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2167","article-title":"The resurgence of platinum-based cancer chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Kelland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2583","article-title":"Beyond chemotherapy: Targeted therapies in ovarian cancer","volume":"9","author":"Yap","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10434-001-0065-x","article-title":"Phase II trial of debulking surgery and photodynamic therapy for disseminated intraperitoneal tumors","volume":"8","author":"Hendren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1991.01410270062011","article-title":"Technique of photodynamic therapy for disseminated intraperitoneal malignant neoplasms: Phase I study","volume":"126","author":"Sindelar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.12.889","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy","volume":"90","author":"Dougherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90066-5","article-title":"Phase I study of debulking surgery and photodynamic therapy for disseminated intraperitoneal tumors","volume":"25","author":"Delaney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11472.x","article-title":"Clinical effect of meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorine based photodynamic therapy in recurrent carcinoma of the ovary: Preliminary results","volume":"104","author":"Wierrani","year":"1997","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900110210","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of the canine peritoneum: Normal tissue response to intraperitoneal and intravenous photofrin followed by 630 nm light","volume":"11","author":"Tochner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1994.330","article-title":"Photoimmunotherapy and biodistribution with an OC125-chlorin immunoconjugate in an in vivo murine ovarian cancer model","volume":"70","author":"Goff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.18.1557","article-title":"Combination photoimmunotherapy and cisplatin: Effects on human ovarian cancer ex vivo","volume":"91","author":"Duska","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5705","article-title":"Intraperitoneal Photoimmunotherapy of Ovarian Carcinoma Xenografts in Nude Mice Using Charged Photoimmunoconjugates","volume":"76","author":"Molpus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"5205","article-title":"Effect of charge on the interaction of site-specific photoimmunoconjugates with human ovarian cancer cells","volume":"56","author":"Hamblin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.18.1526","article-title":"Photoimmunotherapy and ovarian cancer: An improbable fiction or a palpable hit?","volume":"91","author":"Tochner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.149","article-title":"Biodistribution of charged F (ab\u2019) 2 photoimmunoconjugates in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer","volume":"75","author":"Duska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"4762","article-title":"Photoimmunotherapy of human ovarian carcinoma cells ex vivo","volume":"51","author":"Goff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.09.007","article-title":"Phase 1 study of EUS-guided photodynamic therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"89","author":"DeWitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.95","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"110","author":"Huggett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"307","article-title":"Clinical use of photodynamic therapy in gynecologic tumor patients\u2014Antibody-targeted photodynamic laser therapy as a new oncologic treatment procedure","volume":"114","author":"Schmidt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zent. Fur Gynakol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"298","article-title":"[Photodynamic laser therapy with antibody-bound dyes. A new procedure in therapy of gynecologic malignancies]","volume":"110","author":"Schmidt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fortschr. Der Med."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1650","article-title":"Laparoscopic fluorescence detection of ovarian carcinoma metastases using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX","volume":"100","author":"Diddens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Interdiscip. Int. J. Am. Cancer Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath, S., Obaid, G., and Hasan, T. (2019). The Course of Immune Stimulation by Photodynamic Therapy: Bridging fundamentals of photochemically-induced Immunogenic Cell Death to the Enrichment of T Cell Repertoire. Photochem. Photobiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13173"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900300p","article-title":"Imaging and photodynamic therapy: Mechanisms, monitoring, and optimization","volume":"110","author":"Celli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12471","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR08691D","article-title":"Photonanomedicine: A convergence of photodynamic therapy and nanotechnology","volume":"8","author":"Obaid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00060-8","article-title":"Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: Part three\u2014Photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction","volume":"2","author":"Castano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12857","article-title":"Cell death pathways associated with photodynamic therapy: An update","volume":"94","author":"Kessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessel, D. (2018). Apoptosis, Paraptosis and Autophagy: Death and Survival Pathways Associated with Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem. Photobiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12952"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1078960","article-title":"Autophagic death probed by photodynamic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Kessel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers3022516","article-title":"Cell death pathways in photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"3","author":"Mroz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08581.x","article-title":"The role of subcellular localization in initiation of apoptosis by photodynamic therapy","volume":"65","author":"Kessel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600234","article-title":"Aminolaevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy: Cellular responses to glucose starvation","volume":"86","author":"Wyld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.10.017","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy using a cytotoxic photosensitizer porphyrus envelope that targets the cell membrane","volume":"20","author":"Inai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200405000-00009","article-title":"Necrosis-like death with plasma membrane damage against cervical cancer cells by photodynamic therapy","volume":"14","author":"Ahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Caspase-2: a possible trigger of apoptosis induced in A-549 tumor cells by ZnPc photodynamic treatment","volume":"28","author":"Stockert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98354","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201798354","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with redaporfin targets the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(98)00061-X","article-title":"The induction of apoptosis by a positively charged methylene blue derivative","volume":"42","author":"Ball","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21093","article-title":"Verteporfin-based photodynamic therapy overcomes gemcitabine insensitivity in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines","volume":"43","author":"Celli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"3429","article-title":"Enhanced apoptotic response to photodynamic therapy after bcl-2 transfection","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1995.tb08628.x","article-title":"Inhibition of the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein by porphyrin photosensitization of multidrug-resistant cells in vitro","volume":"61","author":"Gibson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2000)071<0196:DOTART>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Determinants of the apoptotic response to lysosomal photodamage","volume":"71","author":"Kessel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08578.x","article-title":"Lysosomes and microtubules as targets for photochemotherapy of cancer","volume":"65","author":"Berg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08577.x","article-title":"The subcellular localization of Zn (ll) phthalocyanines and their redistribution on exposure to light","volume":"65","author":"Wood","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizvi, I., Obaid, G., Bano, S., Hasan, T., and Kessel, D. (2018). Photodynamic therapy: Promoting in vitro efficacy of photodynamic therapy by liposomal formulations of a photosensitizing agent. Lasers Surg. Med.","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22813"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1122","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.77","article-title":"Two combined photosensitizers: A goal for more effective photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"5","author":"Acedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13066","article-title":"A Combination of Visudyne and a Lipid-anchored Liposomal Formulation of Benzoporphyrin Derivative Enhances Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy in a 3D Model for Ovarian Cancer","volume":"95","author":"Rizvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"e3314","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy in a 3D Model of Ovarian Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bio-Protocl"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0658","article-title":"Near infrared photoimmunotherapy in the treatment of disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer","volume":"14","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"6896","article-title":"Release of prostaglandin E2 from cells by photodynamic treatment in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Henderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(81)90109-9","article-title":"Photodynamic effects on human cells exposed to light in the presence of hematoporphyrin. Localization of the active dye","volume":"11","author":"Moan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"8126","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy: A means to enhanced drug delivery to tumors","volume":"63","author":"Snyder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.038","article-title":"Evaluation of oxygen dependence on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of photoimmunotherapy using IR-700\u2013antibody conjugates","volume":"85","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.8b00565","article-title":"Photoinduced Ligand Release from a Silicon Phthalocyanine Dye Conjugated with Monoclonal Antibodies: A Mechanism of Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity after Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Sato","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1505","article-title":"Development of meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin-monoclonal antibody conjugates for photoimmunotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Vrouenraets","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb03934.x","article-title":"Increased transcription and translation of heme oxygenase in Chinese hamster fibroblasts following photodynamic stress or Photofrin II incubation","volume":"53","author":"GoMER","year":"1991","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1374","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy mediated induction of early response genes","volume":"54","author":"Luna","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27107","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.43.27107","article-title":"Stimulation of stress-activated protein kinase and p38 HOG1 kinase in murine keratinocytes following photodynamic therapy with benzoporphyrin derivative","volume":"271","author":"Tao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"2355","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy-mediated oxidative stress can induce expression of heat shock proteins","volume":"56","author":"Gomer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.452","article-title":"Expression of the collagen-related heat shock protein HSP47 in fibroblasts treated with hyperthermia or photodynamic therapy","volume":"76","author":"Verrico","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"3904","article-title":"Altered expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 as a result of photodynamic therapy in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Gollnick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"2373","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy induces expression of interleukin 6 by activation of AP-1 but not NF-\u03baB DNA binding","volume":"55","author":"Kick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(95)00047-X","article-title":"Photofrin II induces cytokine secretion by mouse spleen cells and human peripheral mononuclear cells","volume":"31","author":"Herman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90539-9","article-title":"Photodynamic drug action on isolated rat pancreatic acini: Mobilization of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin production","volume":"46","author":"Matthews","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02578241","article-title":"Characterization of lipid hydroperoxides generated by photodynamic treatment of leukemia cells","volume":"29","author":"Bachowski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.502","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of early squamous cell carcinoma with tetra (m-hydroxyphenyl) chlorin: Optimal drug-light interval","volume":"76","author":"Hadjur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"572","article-title":"Tumor destruction and kinetics of tumor cell death in two experimental mouse tumors following photodynamic therapy","volume":"45","author":"Henderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1993.tb04969.x","article-title":"Apoptosis during photodynamic therapy-induced ablation of RIF-1 tumors in C3H mice: Electron microscopic, histopathologic and biochemical evidence","volume":"58","author":"Zaidi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"2599","article-title":"Role of thromboxane and prostacyclin release on photodynamic therapy-induced tumor destruction","volume":"50","author":"Fingar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03236.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of photodynamic therapy-induced hemorrhagic necrosis in the murine M1 tumor model","volume":"66","author":"Winsborrow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1996.14.329","article-title":"Induction of tumor immunity by photodynamic therapy","volume":"14","author":"Korbelik","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maeding, N., Verwanger, T., and Krammer, B. (2016). Boosting tumor-specific immunity using PDT. Cancers, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers8100091"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1894","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumour immunity","volume":"6","author":"Castano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kercher, E.M., Nath, S., Rizvi, I., and Spring, B.Q. (2019). Cancer Cell-targeted and Activatable Photoimmunotherapy Spares T Cells in a 3D Co-culture Model. Photochem. Photobiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13153"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Generation of effective antitumor vaccines using photodynamic therapy","volume":"62","author":"Gollnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.10.5071","article-title":"Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells","volume":"154","author":"Macatonia","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6584","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6584","article-title":"Engineering nanoparticles to locally activate T cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16686","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b09538","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Nontoxic Core\u2013Shell Nanoparticles Synergizes with Immune Checkpoint Blockade To Elicit Antitumor Immunity and Antimetastatic Effect on Breast Cancer","volume":"138","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"192","article-title":"Immunological and viral factors associated with the response of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia to photodynamic therapy","volume":"61","author":"Stern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5292","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4760","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic results of a phase II trial of sequential imiquimod and photodynamic therapy for vulval intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"14","author":"Winters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji314","article-title":"Synergism of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted immunotherapy with photodynamic treatment of ovarian cancer in vivo","volume":"97","author":"Rizvi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121607","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.12.121607","article-title":"Activatable clinical fluorophore-quencher antibody pairs as dual molecular probes for the enhanced specificity of image-guided surgery","volume":"22","author":"Obaid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1854","article-title":"Selective molecular imaging of viable cancer cells with pH-activatable fluorescence probes","volume":"15","author":"Urano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E933","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319493111","article-title":"Selective treatment and monitoring of disseminated cancer micrometastases in vivo using dual-function, activatable immunoconjugates","volume":"111","author":"Spring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01720.x","article-title":"In vivo tests of the concept of photodynamic threshold dose in normal rat liver photosensitized by aluminum chlorosulphonated phthalocyanine","volume":"51","author":"Patterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601043340101","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer","volume":"334","author":"McGuire","year":"1996","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"2643","article-title":"Antibody-indocyanin conjugates for immunophotodetection of human squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice","volume":"54","author":"Folli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-3284","article-title":"Safety and tumor specificity of cetuximab-IRDye800 for surgical navigation in head and neck cancer","volume":"21","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00314","article-title":"Fluorescence-guided surgery","volume":"7","author":"Nagaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"417","article-title":"Preparation and Biological Characterization of Conjugates Consisting of Ricin and a Tumor-Specific Non-Internalizing","volume":"11","author":"COGLIATI","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00689841","article-title":"The use of natural interferon alpha conjugated to a monoclonal antibody anti mammary epithelial mucin (Mc5) for the treatment of human breast cancer xenografts","volume":"25","author":"Ozzello","year":"1993","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00130a017","article-title":"Boron neutron capture therapy: Linkage of a boronated macromolecule to monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens","volume":"32","author":"Alam","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1021\/bc00025a008","article-title":"Boronated starburst dendrimer-monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates: Evaluation as a potential delivery system for neutron capture therapy","volume":"5","author":"Barth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bioconj. Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.22.8744","article-title":"Antibody-targeted photolysis: Selective photodestruction of human T-cell leukemia cells using monoclonal antibody-chlorin e6 conjugates","volume":"83","author":"Oseroff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00205605","article-title":"Suppressor deletion therapy: Selective elimination of T suppressor cells in vivo using a hematoporphyrin conjugated monoclonal antibody permits animals to reject syngeneic tumor cells","volume":"26","author":"Steele","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"4380","article-title":"Ability of specific monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera conjugated to hematoporphyrin to label and kill selected cell lines subsequent to light activation","volume":"45","author":"Mew","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(92)85128-H","article-title":"Effects of photodynamic therapy with topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid on normal skin of hairless guinea pigs","volume":"15","author":"Goff","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"471","article-title":"Laser-induced selective cytotoxicity using monoclonal antibody-chromophore conjugates","volume":"288","author":"Hasan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(89)90022-9","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody-chromophore conjugates as selective phototoxins","volume":"10","author":"Hasan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Hasan, T., Sherwood, M., Anderson, T., Bamberg, M., Flotte, T.J., and Zurawski, V.R. Cellular response of ovarian carcinoma cells to antibody-photosensitizer-mediated injury. Proceedings of the Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanisms II, Available online: https:\/\/spie.org\/Publications\/Proceedings\/Volume\/1203?SSO=1."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.17.1218","article-title":"Photodynamic killing of human squamous cell carcinoma cells using a monoclonal antibody-photosensitizer conjugate","volume":"83","author":"Jiang","year":"1991","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1163\/156856294X00040","article-title":"A polymeric drug delivery system for the simultaneous delivery of drugs activatable by enzymes and\/or light","volume":"5","author":"Krinick","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90014-K","article-title":"Sn-chlorin e6 antibacterial immunoconjugates. An in vitro and in vivo analysis","volume":"156","author":"Lu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1989.73","article-title":"Specific targeting and toxicity of sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine photosensitised liposomes directed to cells by monoclonal antibody in vitro","volume":"59","author":"Morgan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.9b00055","article-title":"Photosensitizer Antibody\u2013Drug Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"30","author":"Sandland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioconj. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"078001","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.7.078001","article-title":"Indocyanine green as effective antibody conjugate for intracellular molecular targeted photodynamic therapy","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.516","article-title":"Treatment of ovarian cancer with photodynamic therapy and immunoconjugates in a murine ovarian cancer model","volume":"74","author":"Goff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-7404(93)90042-W","article-title":"Targetted phototherapy with sensitizer-monoclonal antibody conjugate and light","volume":"2","author":"Pogrebniak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"4200","article-title":"Experimental photoimmunotherapy of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer with a 17.1 A chlorine6 immunoconjugate","volume":"60","author":"Hamblin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R57","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/7\/R57","article-title":"Revisiting photodynamic therapy dosimetry: Reductionist & surrogate approaches to facilitate clinical success","volume":"61","author":"Pogue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.268","article-title":"Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody\u2013drug conjugates","volume":"16","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601210","article-title":"Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: Effects on photodynamic efficacy","volume":"89","author":"Hamblin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1021\/mp800006e","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy with Fab\u2032 fragment targeted HPMA copolymer conjugates in human ovarian carcinoma cells","volume":"5","author":"Hongrapipat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980209)75:4<600::AID-IJC18>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"HPMA copolymer\u2013anticancer drug\u2013OV-TL16 antibody conjugates. II. Processing in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro","volume":"75","author":"Omelyanenko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3109\/10611869608996827","article-title":"HPMA copolymer-anticancer drug-OV-TL16 antibody conjugates. 1. Influence of the method of synthesis on the binding affinity to OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro","volume":"3","author":"Omelyanenko","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00325-X","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy of targetable N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer\u2013doxorubicin\/mesochlorin e6-OV-TL 16 antibody immunoconjugates","volume":"74","author":"Shiah","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cooperativity between free and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer bound adriamycin and meso-chlorin e6 monoethylene diamine induced photodynamic therapy in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00332-7","article-title":"Preparation and biological evaluation of polymerizable antibody Fab\u2032 fragment targeted polymeric drug delivery system","volume":"74","author":"Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201100350","article-title":"Targeting of Multidrug--Resistant Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells With Anti-P-Glycoprotein Antibody Conjugates","volume":"12","author":"Fowers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.1021\/mp300338s","article-title":"Intracellular delivery and trafficking dynamics of a lymphoma-targeting antibody\u2013polymer conjugate","volume":"9","author":"Berguig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00260","article-title":"Light-controlled delivery of monoclonal antibodies for targeted photoinactivation of Ki-67","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800236","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201800236","article-title":"Immobilization of Photo\u2014Immunoconjugates on Nanoparticles Leads to Enhanced Light\u2014Activated Biological Effects","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01916.x","article-title":"The Effect of Charge on Cellular Uptake and Phototoxicity of Polylysine Chlorine6Conjugates","volume":"65","author":"Soukos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600840808","article-title":"Enhanced cellular uptake and in vivo biodistribution of a monoclonal antibody following cationization","volume":"84","author":"Pardridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0426","article-title":"Multiepitope HER2 targeting enhances photoimmunotherapy of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells with pyropheophorbide-a immunoconjugates","volume":"65","author":"Savellano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00074","article-title":"Oncolytic Immunotherapy: Dying the Right Way is a Key to Eliciting Potent Antitumor Immunity","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9234","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1190","article-title":"Ki-67 as a molecular target for therapy in an in vitro three-dimensional model for ovarian cancer","volume":"70","author":"Rahmanzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b00859","article-title":"Impacting Pancreatic Cancer Therapy in Heterotypic in Vitro Organoids and in Vivo Tumors with Specificity-Tuned, NIR-Activable Photoimmunonanoconjugates: Towards Conquering Desmoplasia?","volume":"19","author":"Obaid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ijch.201200016","article-title":"Photoimmunotherapy and irradiance modulation reduce chemotherapy cycles and toxicity in a murine model for ovarian carcinomatosis: Perspective and results","volume":"52","author":"Rizvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Israel J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.108","article-title":"Cancer nanomedicine: Progress, challenges and opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35069","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17047","article-title":"Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy: A comparison of light dosing schedules","volume":"8","author":"Ogata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillenwater, A.M., Cognetti, D., Johnson, J.M., Curry, J., Kochuparambil, S.T., McDonald, D., Fidler, M.J., Stenson, K., Vasan, N., and Razaq, M. (2018). RM-1929 photo-immunotherapy in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer: Results of a multicenter phase 2a open-label clinical trial, American Society of Clinical Oncology.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.6039"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-199801000-00011","article-title":"Therapeutic application of anti-growth factor receptor antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendelsohn, J. (2000). Use of an antibody to target geldanamycin, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.19.1549"},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"95","article-title":"Jeremiah Metzger Lecture. Targeted cancer therapy","volume":"111","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"747","article-title":"Blockade of receptors for growth factors: An anticancer therapy\u2014the fourth annual Joseph, H. Burchenal American Association for Cancer Research Clinical Research Award Lecture","volume":"6","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"2958","article-title":"A novel approach in the treatment of cancer: Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"7","author":"Ciardiello","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2656","article-title":"Novel anticancer targets: Revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3","volume":"9","author":"Baselga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)61023-4","article-title":"Tumor invasion: Role of growth factor-induced cell motility","volume":"78","author":"Wells","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_142","unstructured":"Teplinsky, E., and Muggia, F. (2015). EGFR and HER2: Is there a role in ovarian cancer?. Transl. Cancer Res, 4."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2012.06.005","article-title":"The epidermal growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"36","author":"Gui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.01.014","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted photosensitizer selectively inhibits EGFR signaling and induces targeted phototoxicity in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"321","author":"Moor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-8-94","article-title":"Targeting EGFR with photodynamic therapy in combination with Erbitux enhances in vivo bladder tumor response","volume":"8","author":"Bhuvaneswari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204313","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase pathway by photodynamic therapy","volume":"20","author":"Ahmad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2609","article-title":"Identification of a mutation in the extracellular domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor conferring cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Montagut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(200003)182:3<311::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"The Ki-67 protein: From the known and the unknown","volume":"182","author":"Scholzen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.15.5454","article-title":"Selective destruction of protein function by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation","volume":"85","author":"Jay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2007.00433.x","article-title":"Chromophore-assisted light inactivation of pKi-67 leads to inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis","volume":"40","author":"Rahmanzadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20494","article-title":"Ki-67 protein is associated with ribosomal RNA transcription in quiescent and proliferating cells","volume":"206","author":"Bullwinkel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01001-2","article-title":"The role of apoptosis in creating and maintaining luminal space within normal and oncogene-expressing mammary acini","volume":"111","author":"Debnath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.08.007","article-title":"Simultaneous delivery of cytotoxic and biologic therapeutics using nanophotoactivatable liposomes enhances treatment efficacy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Tangutoori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1474967","article-title":"Multivesicular liposomes for sustained release of bevacizumab in treating laser-induced choroidal neovascularization","volume":"25","author":"Mu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107877","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14112","article-title":"The prognostic value of Ki67 in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: An 11-year cohort study of Chinese patients","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.12.008","article-title":"Focus on molecules: Human mucin MUC16","volume":"87","author":"Perez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1251","article-title":"Mucins in cancer: Protection and control of the cell surface","volume":"4","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/107155769400100118","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor Enhances Secretion of the Ovarian Tumor-Associated Cancer Antigen CAI25 From the Human Amnion WISH Cell Line","volume":"1","author":"Konishi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.02.020","article-title":"MUC16 (CA125) regulates epithelial ovarian cancer cell growth, tumorigenesis and metastasis","volume":"121","author":"Pinard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110380","article-title":"Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Bast","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-13-129","article-title":"MUC16 (CA125): Tumor biomarker to cancer therapy, a work in progress","volume":"13","author":"Felder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2011.11.010","article-title":"Serous ovarian carcinoma patients with high alpha-folate receptor had reducing survival and cytotoxic chemo-response","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"190","article-title":"Specific folic-acid targeted photosensitizer. The first step toward intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"45","author":"Frochot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil. Senol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000497","article-title":"Fischer 344 rat: A preclinical model for epithelial ovarian cancer folate-targeted therapy","volume":"25","author":"Azais","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2015.07.005","article-title":"Assessment of the specificity of a new folate-targeted photosensitizer for peritoneal metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer to enable intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy. A preclinical study","volume":"13","author":"Schmitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0391","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy synergizes with irinotecan to overcome compensatory mechanisms and improve treatment outcomes in pancreatic cancer","volume":"76","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.11520","article-title":"Bioluminescence-activated deep-tissue photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.16141","article-title":"X-ray induced photodynamic therapy: A combination of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1039\/c8pp00112j","article-title":"Using x-rays in photodynamic therapy: An overview","volume":"17","author":"Larue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.5284","article-title":"Upconversion nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy and other cancer therapeutics","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theranostics"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/11\/12\/1887\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:38:02Z","timestamp":1760189882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/11\/12\/1887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"references-count":170,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers11121887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11121887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]}}}