{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:01:02Z","timestamp":1787594462635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]],"date-time":"2020-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Direct evidence of lung cancer risk in Asian users of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) is lacking. Methods: The ACEI cohort comprised 22,384 patients aged \u2265 18 years with a first prescription of ACEI. The comparison angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) cohort consisted of age-, sex- and comorbidity-matched patients at a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was the incidence of lung cancer, which was evaluated using a proportional hazard model. Results: The overall incidence rates of lung cancer in the ACEI and ARB cohorts were 16.6 and 12.2 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. The ACEI cohort had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer than the ARB cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]. = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]. = 1.11\u20131.67). Duration\u2013response and dose\u2013response analyses revealed that compared with patients who did not receive ACEIs, patients who received ACEIs for more than 45 days per year (aHR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.48\u20132.36) and patients who received more than 540 defined daily doses of ACEIs per year (aHR =1.80; 95% CI = 1.43\u2013-2.27) had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer. The cumulative incidence of lung cancer was also significantly higher in the ACEI cohort than in the ARB cohort (log-rank test, p = 0.002). Conclusions: ACEI use is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer compared with ARB use. Patients using ARBs have a significantly lower risk of lung cancer than non-ARB users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1585055044000},"page":"747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Lung Cancer\u2014A Nationwide, Population-Based, Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shih-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9926-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chieh","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Huei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chest Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Der","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.-Kuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Y.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6368-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Herman, L.L., and Bashir, K. 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