{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:08:47Z","timestamp":1790028527133,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017519","name":"Werner Otto Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6\/95"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/95"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017519","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma multiforme is the most lethal type of brain tumor that is not yet curable owing to its frequent resurgence after surgery. Resistance is mainly caused by the presence of a subpopulation of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. In 2015, Zikavirus (ZIKV)-induced microcephaly emerged in newborns, indicating that ZIKV has a specific neurotropism. Accordingly, an oncolytic tropism for infecting GSCs was demonstrated in a murine tumor model. Like other flaviviruses, ZIKV is enveloped by two proteins, prM and E. The pME expression plasmid along with the HIV-1 vector pNL Luc AM generated prME pseudotyped viral particles. Four different prME envelopes, Z1 to Z4, were cloned, and the corresponding pseudotypes, Z1- to Z4-HIVluc, produced by this two-plasmid system, were tested for entry efficiency using Vero-B4 cells. The most efficient pseudotype, Z1-HIVluc, also infected glioma-derived cell lines U87 and 86HG39. The pseudotype system was then extended by using a three-plasmid system including pME-Z1, the HIV-1 packaging plasmid psPAX2, and the lentiviral vector pLenti-luciferase-P2A-Neo. The corresponding pseudotype, designated Z1-LENTIluc, also infected U87 and 86HG39 cells. Altogether, a pseudotyped virus especially targeting glioma-derived cells might be a promising candidate for a prospective glioblastoma-directed virotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12041000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T05:48:52Z","timestamp":1587448132000},"page":"1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Zikavirus prME Envelope Pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 as a Novel Tool for Glioblastoma-Directed Virotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maibritt","family":"Kretschmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kadlubowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birco","family":"Schwalbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Klinik Nord\u2014Heidberg, Asklepios Kliniken Hamburg GmbH, D-22417 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4717-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Auerswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70025-7","article-title":"Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial","volume":"10","author":"Stupp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708126","article-title":"Malignant Gliomas in Adults","volume":"359","author":"Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. 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