{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:37:07Z","timestamp":1779154627986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS 18\/00075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS 18\/00075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIBERES 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007509","name":"SOCIEDAD ESPA\u00d1OLA DE NEUMOLOGIA Y CIRUGIA TORACICA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEPAR 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEPAR 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MENARINI SA","award":["MENARINI SA 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MENARINI SA 2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The immune microenvironment plays a role in tumorigenesis. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for lung cancer (LC). We hypothesized that immune profile characterized by T regulatory (Treg), natural killer (NK), and plasma cells, as well as interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon-gamma, may differ within tumors of LC patients with\/without COPD. Methods: Treg (anti-CD3 and anti-forkhead boxP3 antibodies), NK (anti-NCR1 antibody), IgG (anti-CD138-IgG antibody), IgA (anti-CD138-IgA antibody) using immunohistochemistry, and both IL-10 and interferon-gamma (ELISA) were quantified in tumor and non-tumor specimens (thoracotomy for lung tumor resection) from 33 LC\u2013COPD patients and 20 LC-only patients. Results: Immune profile in tumor versus non-tumor specimens: Treg cell counts significantly increased in tumors of both LC and LC\u2013COPD patients, while in tumors of the latter group, IgG-secreting plasma cells significantly decreased and IL-10 increased. No significant differences were seen in levels of NK cells, IgA-secreting cells, IgA\/IgG, or interferon-gamma. Immune profile in tumors of LC\u2013COPD versus LC: No significant differences were observed in tumors between LC\u2013COPD and LC patients for any study marker. Conclusions: Immune cell subtypes and cytokines are differentially expressed in lung tumors, and the presence of COPD elicited a decline in IgG-secreting plasma cell levels but not in other cell types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1589424941000},"page":"1217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immune Cell Subtypes and Cytokines in Lung Tumor Microenvironment: Influence of COPD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7793-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ramis-Cabrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Curull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e9","family":"Mateu-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific, Statistics, and Technical Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Pijuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Aguil\u00f3","family":"Espases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting &amp; Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases &amp; Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Mar Health Park, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516","article-title":"Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008","volume":"127","author":"Ferlay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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