{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:06:58Z","timestamp":1788336418033,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of potentially devastating primary skin malignancies. Despite decades of intense research efforts, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. In the early stages, both clinical and histopathological diagnosis is often difficult due to the ability of CTCL to masquerade as benign skin inflammatory dermatoses. Due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, it is also difficult to predict which patients will respond to therapy or progress towards severe recalcitrant disease. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression and putative pathological roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRs in CTCL. We also focus on the interplay between miRs, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and oncogenic signaling pathways in malignant T cells as well as the impact of miRs in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential use of miRs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, we propose that the combined use of miR-modulating compounds with epigenetic drugs may provide a novel avenue for boosting the clinical efficacy of existing anti-cancer therapies in CTCL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T10:27:19Z","timestamp":1589452039000},"page":"1229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Gluud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Willerslev-Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4377-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise Mette Rahbek","family":"Gjerdrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise M.","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7180-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terkild B.","family":"Buus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads Hald","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Menne","family":"Bonefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorbjorn","family":"Krejsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Litvinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen C.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-45141 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny L.","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4843-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei B.","family":"Koralov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Litman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Woetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3135-5624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Odum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25577","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"94","author":"Hristov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. 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