{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T10:31:08Z","timestamp":1788690668968,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are rare entities that develop primarily in the skin. They constitute a heterogeneous group that represents around a quarter of primary cutaneous lymphomas. The 2018 update of the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classification differentiates primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma with an indolent course from primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type with an aggressive behavior. The broad spectrum of clinical presentations and the disease course marked by frequent relapses are diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The classification of these diseases has been refined in recent years, which allows to better define their immunopathogenesis and specific management. In the present article, we review the main clinico-biological characteristics and the current therapeutic options of these three main subsets. Based on the recent therapeutic advances in nodal B-cell lymphomas, we focus on the development of novel treatment options applicable to primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, including targeted therapies, combination treatments and immunotherapeutic approaches, and cover basic, translational and clinical aspects aiming to improve the treatment of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T06:34:16Z","timestamp":1591684456000},"page":"1497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas: State of the Art and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9623-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00eblle","family":"Dumont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Paris (Paris University), F-75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Battistella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Paris (Paris University), F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Pathology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ram-Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Bagot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Paris (Paris University), F-75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7828-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e8le","family":"de Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Paris (Paris University), F-75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3502","article-title":"WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"105","author":"Willemze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-881268","article-title":"The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"133","author":"Willemze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-184168","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: A population-based study of 3884 cases","volume":"113","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-054601","article-title":"ISCL and the EORTC TNM classification system for primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: A proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)","volume":"110","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-152850","article-title":"European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma consensus recommendations for the management of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas","volume":"112","author":"Senff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14932","article-title":"Paediatric primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: Does it differ from its adult counterpart?","volume":"176","author":"Tavallaee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04961.x","article-title":"Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: A clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic study of 22 cases","volume":"147","author":"Servitje","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360122","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and cutaneous B cell lymphoma revealed by anetoderma","volume":"36","author":"Jubert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17821","article-title":"Clinical presentation, therapeutic approach and outcome of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma presenting as AL amyloidoma of the skin","volume":"181","author":"Dangien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2584","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphomas\u2014An update 2019","volume":"37","author":"Kempf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e318267495f","article-title":"Blastic marginal zone lymphoma: A Clinical and pathological study of 8 cases and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Magro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2016.11.007","article-title":"Cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas","volume":"34","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181f72835","article-title":"Cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas have distinctive features and Include 2 subsets","volume":"34","author":"Edinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-132415","article-title":"The majority of cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas expresses class-switched immunoglobulins and develops in a T-helper type 2 inflammatory environment","volume":"112","author":"Wormhoudt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12699","article-title":"Frequent immunoglobulin G4 expression in a common variant of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma","volume":"59","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000249","article-title":"Primary cutaneous marginal IgG4 Lymphoma and rosai\u2013dorfman\u2019s disease coexisting in several lesions of the same patient","volume":"37","author":"Machan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.02.015","article-title":"Panel Sequencing shows recurrent genetic FAS Alterations in Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma","volume":"138","author":"Maurus","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403501","article-title":"Variable frequencies of MALT lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in MALT lymphomas of different sites","volume":"18","author":"Streubel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1997.tb01318.x","article-title":"Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Cerroni","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01485.x","article-title":"Primary cutaneous MALT-type lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori: A possible relationship","volume":"20","author":"Delli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1594","article-title":"Distinct types of primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling","volume":"105","author":"Hoefnagel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.04.036","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma following vaccination","volume":"53","author":"May","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.9223","article-title":"High incidence of gastrointestinal tract disorders and autoimmunity in primary cutaneous marginal zone B-Cell Lymphomas","volume":"150","author":"Guitart","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.6396","article-title":"Reclassification of 300 primary cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas according to the new WHO\u2013EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas: Comparison with previous classifications and identification of prognostic markers","volume":"25","author":"Senff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"e209","article-title":"Alopecic patches of the scalp: A variant of primary cutaneous follicle centre B-cell lymphoma reported in a series of 14 cases","volume":"33","author":"Bouaziz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. JEADV"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9549428","article-title":"Primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma with hodgkin and reed-sternberg like cells: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"2017","author":"Aldarweesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001195","article-title":"Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma clear cell variant: Expanding the Spectrum of cutaneous clear cell neoplasms","volume":"40","author":"Cassisa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.06.016","article-title":"Spindle-Cell variants of primary cutaneous follicle center B-Cell lymphomas are germinal center B-Cell lymphomas by gene expression profiling using a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimen","volume":"137","author":"Oschlies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.08.137","article-title":"The cutaneous B-cell lymphoma prognostic index: A novel prognostic index derived from a population-based registry","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP4SUBR4NPSPTN","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of BCL2 Rearrangement in 53 patients with follicular lymphoma presenting as primary skin lesions","volume":"143","author":"Doussau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Guinard, E., Alenezi, F., Lamant, L., Szablewski, V., Laurent, C., Paul, C., Meyer, N., and Dereure, O. (2019). Staging of Primary cutaneous follicle centre B-cell Lymphoma: Bone Marrow Biopsy, CD10, BCL2 and t (14;18) Are not relevant prognostic factors. Eur. J. Dermatol., 1."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200009000-00012","article-title":"Primary cutaneous B-Cell lymphoma and borrelia burgdorferi infection in patients from the highlands of scotland","volume":"24","author":"Goodlad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.281002.x","article-title":"Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas from the United States","volume":"28","author":"Wood","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2020, January 06). NCCN. Available online: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/default.aspx#pcbcl."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3171","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in cutaneous lymphomas: Past, present and future","volume":"99","author":"Jonak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14972","article-title":"Outcomes of radiation therapy of indolent cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and literature review","volume":"32","author":"Gauci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.053","article-title":"Very low-dose versus standard dose radiation therapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: A retrospective study","volume":"78","author":"Goyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-019-01541-7","article-title":"De-escalated radiotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma","volume":"196","author":"Oertel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv30","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy133","article-title":"Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Willemze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031101900208","article-title":"Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: Role of surgery","volume":"19","author":"Parbhakar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"438","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: A review","volume":"105","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"319","article-title":"Intralesional anti-CD20 antibody for low-grade primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: Adverse reactions correlate with favorable clinical outcome: Intralesional anti-CD20 in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Eberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"JDDG J. Ger. Soc. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07523.x","article-title":"Intralesional and intravenous treatment of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab: Report and follow-up of eight cases","volume":"155","author":"Kerl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10902.x","article-title":"Intralesional rituximab in the treatment of indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: An epidemiological observational multicentre study. The Spanish Working Group on Cutaneous Lymphoma","volume":"167","author":"Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.019","article-title":"Treatment of indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas with subcutaneous interferon-alfa","volume":"70","author":"Vandersee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500399698","article-title":"Intra-lesional low-dose interferon alpha2a therapy for primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma","volume":"47","author":"Cozzio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190802258923","article-title":"Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: First results of a prospective, monocentre study","volume":"49","author":"Maza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di, M., Ollila, T.A., and Olszewski, A.J. (2020). Exposure to ibritumomab tiuxetan and incidence of treatment-related myeloid neoplasms among older patients with B-cell lymphoma: A population-based study. Leukemia.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0798-9"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00010","article-title":"AUGMENT: A phase III study of lenalidomide plus rituximab versus placebo plus rituximab in relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"Leonard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.52","article-title":"Phase II clinical trial of intratumoral application of TG1042 (Adenovirus-interferon-\u03b3) in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and multilesional cutaneous B-cell lymphomas","volume":"18","author":"Dummer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0360","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated intralesional interferon-\u03b3 gene transfer induces tumor regressions in cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"104","author":"Dummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dreno, B., Urosevic-Maiwald, M., Kim, Y., Guitart, J., Duvic, M., Dereure, O., Khammari, A., Knol, A.-C., Derbij, A., and Lusky, M. (2014). TG1042 (Adenovirus-interferon-\u03b3) in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: A Phase II clinical trial. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083670"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, S., Johnson, A., Fabbro, S., Hastings, J., Haverkos, B., Chung, C., Porcu, P., and William, B. (2020). Topical imiquimod monotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: A single-institution experience. Br. J. Dermatol.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18961"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890350042008","article-title":"Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas of the legs. A distinct type of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with an intermediate prognosis","volume":"132","author":"Vermeer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.7452","article-title":"Improvement of Survival in Patients With Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type, in France","volume":"150","author":"Grange","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.126881","article-title":"Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma of the leg: Histogenetic analysis of a controversial clinicopathologic entity","volume":"33","author":"Paulli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)00889-2","article-title":"Large B-cell lymphoma of the leg: Clinical and pathologic characteristics in a north american series","volume":"49","author":"Brogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0041-7","article-title":"Double-hit or dual expression of MYC and BCL2 in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas","volume":"31","author":"Menguy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181e5060a","article-title":"IgM Expression on paraffin sections distinguishes primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type from primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Koens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.04.010","article-title":"Identification of somatic mutations in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type by massive parallel sequencing","volume":"137","author":"Mareschal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.9.1144","article-title":"Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"143","author":"Grange","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.102","article-title":"MYD88 Somatic Mutation is a genetic feature of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"132","author":"Cappellen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.156","article-title":"Multiple genetic alterations in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type support a common lymphomagenesis with activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Andrique","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.0842","article-title":"Array-Based comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveals recurrent chromosomal alterations and prognostic parameters in primary cutaneous large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Dijkman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.357","article-title":"Fine-Mapping chromosomal loss at 9p21: Correlation with prognosis in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"129","author":"Senff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001132","article-title":"High incidence and clinical significance of MYC Rearrangements in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"42","author":"Schrader","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.04.038","article-title":"Genomic Analyses identify recurrent alterations in immune evasion genes in diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"138","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000851","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment and checkpoint molecules in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma\u2014New therapeutic targets","volume":"41","author":"Mitteldorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000983","article-title":"PD-L1 and PD-L2 are differentially expressed by macrophages or tumor cells in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"42","author":"Menguy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10987.x","article-title":"Expression of the T-cell regulatory marker FOXP3 in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma tumour cells","volume":"167","author":"Felcht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.07.019","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes in patients with primary cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma: The BC Cancer agency experience","volume":"87","author":"Hamilton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grange, F., Maubec, E., Bagot, M., Beylot-Barry, M., Joly, P., Dalle, S., Delaporte, E., Dereure, O., Bachelez, H., and Vergier, B. (2009). Treatment of cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type, with age-adapted combinations of chemotherapies and rituximab. Arch. Dermatol., 145.","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.23"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01197.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and comparison with the commonly used therapies","volume":"82","author":"Pulini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12315","article-title":"Rituximab plus liposomal pegylated doxorubicin in the treatment of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas","volume":"93","author":"Fabbri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3317-6","article-title":"Bendamustine plus rituximab for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma: A multicenter retrospective analysis","volume":"97","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-019-03819-3","article-title":"Is bendamustine-rituximab a reasonable treatment in selected older patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma? Results from a multicentre, retrospective study","volume":"98","author":"Zeremski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wollina, U., Schmidt, N., Sch\u00f6nlebe, J., Vojvodic, A., Hansel, G., Koch, A., and Lotti, T. (2019). Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Leg\u2014Unfavourable Course with Rituximab\/Bendamustin. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.565"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000294963","article-title":"Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan for the treatment of intractable primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma leg type","volume":"123","author":"Kobold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.05.008","article-title":"Mutations of the B-Cell receptor pathway confer chemoresistance in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma leg type","volume":"139","author":"Ducharme","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3884","article-title":"Targeting B cell receptor signaling with ibrutinib in diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"2489","article-title":"The role of PIM1 in the ibrutinib-resistant ABC subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2015.6067","article-title":"Excellent outcome of immunomodulation or bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase inhibition in highly refractory primary cutaneous diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg type","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1516","article-title":"A Single-Arm Phase II trial of lenalidomide in relapsing or refractory primary cutaneous large B-Cell Lymphoma, leg type","volume":"138","author":"Mermin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Raimondo, C., Abdulla, F.R., Zain, J., Querfeld, C., and Rosen, S.T. (2019). Rituximab, lenalidomide and pembrolizumab in refractory primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type. Br. J. Haematol., 187.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16211"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33108-2","article-title":"Acalabrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (ACE-LY-004): A single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"391","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-18-0478","article-title":"Pleiotropic Action of Novel Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine kinase inhibitor BGB-3111 in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001160","article-title":"Phase 1 study of the selective BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in B-cell malignancies and safety and efficacy evaluation in CLL","volume":"134","author":"Tam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.227272","article-title":"MYD88 in the driver\u2019s seat of B-cell lymphomagenesis: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications","volume":"104","author":"Schrader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-08-867499","article-title":"Parsaclisib, a potent and highly selective PI3K\u03b4 inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies","volume":"133","author":"Ramchandren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1076-4","article-title":"Combination of Enzastaurin and Ibrutinib synergistically induces anti-tumor effects in diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"38","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.7171","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, Phase III trial of enzastaurin versus placebo in patients achieving remission after first-line therapy for high-risk diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Crump","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2174\/187152807783334300","article-title":"TLR7\/9 antagonists as therapeutics for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.09.015","article-title":"IMO-8400, a toll-like receptor 7, 8, and 9 antagonist, demonstrates clinical activity in a phase 2a, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis","volume":"174","author":"Balak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Waschke, B.C., Woolaver, R.A., Chen, S.M.Y., Chen, Z., and Wang, J.H. (2020). HDAC inhibitors overcome immunotherapy resistance in B-cell lymphoma. Protein Cell.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00694-x"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00443","article-title":"Overview of targeted drugs for mature B-Cell non-hodgkin lymphomas","volume":"9","author":"Crisci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14698","article-title":"A phase 2 study of mocetinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in relapsed or refractory lymphoma","volume":"178","author":"Batlevi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0224-3","article-title":"ABT-199 (venetoclax) and BCL-2 inhibitors in clinical development","volume":"8","author":"Cang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01580","article-title":"Fixed duration of venetoclax-rituximab in relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia eradicates minimal residual disease and prolongs survival: Post-Treatment follow-up of the MURANO Phase III study","volume":"37","author":"Kater","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-018-0560-7","article-title":"Targeting BCL-2 in hematologic malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Target Oncol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.70.4320","article-title":"Phase I First-in-human study of venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory non-hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Davids","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01238","article-title":"Biological Approaches to Aggressive Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas","volume":"9","author":"Ferranti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06661.x","article-title":"Ofatumumab, the first human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of B cell hematologic malignancies","volume":"1263","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15768","article-title":"Phase 2 multicentre study of single-agent ofatumumab in previously untreated follicular lymphoma: CALGB 50901 (Alliance)","volume":"185","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1207764","article-title":"Ofatumumab monotherapy in relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"58","author":"Galanina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.130_2629","article-title":"Primary analysis results of the single-arm phase Ii Study of Mor208 Plus Lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma (l-Mind)","volume":"37","author":"Salles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.3017","article-title":"Phase I study of the humanized anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody dacetuzumab in refractory or recurrent non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Advani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. J."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-7-44","article-title":"A phase II study of dacetuzumab (SGN-40) in patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and correlative analyses of patient-specific factors","volume":"7","author":"Ansell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y., and Diefenbach, C.S. (2020). Polatuzumab Vedotin: A New target for B Cell malignancies. Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-020-00572-7"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30026-2","article-title":"Polatuzumab vedotin or pinatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Final results from a phase 2 randomised study (ROMULUS)","volume":"6","author":"Morschhauser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3179","article-title":"FDA approval: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed CD33-Positive acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Jen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-06-651380","article-title":"Phase 2 study of the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody blinatumomab in relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"127","author":"Viardot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-123742","article-title":"Mosunetuzumab induces complete remissions in poor prognosis non-hodgkin lymphoma patients, including those who are resistant to or relapsing after chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapies, and Is active in treatment through multiple lines","volume":"134","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2223-z","article-title":"Pilot trial of the hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine in patients with completely resectable recurrent stage III or stage IV melanoma","volume":"67","author":"Albertini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129206","article-title":"Immunotherapy of lymphomas","volume":"130","author":"Ansell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.9273","article-title":"Active idiotypic vaccination versus control immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma","volume":"32","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. J."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.8903","article-title":"Placebo-controlled phase III trial of patient-specific immunotherapy with mitumprotimut-T and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Freedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. J."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, S.K., Cha, S.-C., Smith, D.L., Kim, K.H., Parshottam, S.R., Rao, S., Popescu, M., Lee, V.Y., Neelapu, S.S., and Kwak, L.W. (2018). Phase I study of an active immunotherapy for asymptomatic phase Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with DNA vaccines encoding antigen-chemokine fusion: Study protocol. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4094-2"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1285477","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of idiotypic DNA vaccine administered as a complex with polyethylenimine to patients with B-cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Meleshko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0196-52","article-title":"Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells","volume":"2","author":"Hsu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1517","article-title":"Idiotype-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination for B-cell lymphoma: Clinical and immune responses in 35 patients","volume":"99","author":"Timmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-165654","article-title":"Vaccination with autologous tumor-loaded dendritic cells induces clinical and immunologic responses in indolent B-cell lymphoma patients with relapsed and measurable disease: A pilot study","volume":"113","author":"Zappasodi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0410-x","article-title":"Systemic clinical tumor regressions and potentiation of PD1 blockade with in situ vaccination","volume":"25","author":"Hammerich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7004","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0438","article-title":"A Phase I Study of the Combination of Rituximab and Ipilimumab in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Tuscano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-Cell therapy in refractory large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"377","author":"Neelapu","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0460-5","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapies for the treatment of hematologic malignancies: Clinical perspective and significance","volume":"6","author":"Boyiadzis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0690-8","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells: Lessons learned from targeting of CD19 in B-Cell malignancies","volume":"77","author":"Hay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804980","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"380","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-018-0073-7","article-title":"Autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-T cell is an effective and safe treatment to refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00767","article-title":"Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T Cells in combination with nivolumab are safe and effective against relapsed\/refractory B-Cell non-hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2018.07.011","article-title":"The promise of CAR T-cell therapy in aggressive B-cell lymphoma","volume":"31","author":"Nair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/12\/6\/1497\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:36:45Z","timestamp":1760175405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/12\/6\/1497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers12061497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12061497","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]}}}