{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:06:18Z","timestamp":1787846778454,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3P30CA086862-14S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3P30CA086862-14S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006381","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Center for Health Policy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 CA90628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 CA90628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although checkpoint inhibitors have been approved in multiple cancers, they are still under investigation in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We conducted a retrospective review to report the safety, efficacy, and prognostic factors related to checkpoint inhibitors in STS. A sequential cohort of metastatic STS patients from four institutions treated with checkpoint inhibitors was assembled. Logistic and Cox regression models were applied to determine the effect of patient characteristics, prior treatment, and baseline factors on achieving the best overall response of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) as determined by the treating physician. Eighty-eight patients with two median prior therapies received checkpoint inhibitors. Treatments included pembrolizumab in 47, nivolumab in 6, ipilimumab in 1, combination ipilimumab\/nivolumab in 27, and other combination immunotherapies in 7 patients. Immunotherapy was discontinued in 54 patients\u201472.2% for progression, 16.7% for toxicity, and 11.1% for other reasons. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.1 months and median overall survival was 19.1 months. One patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) achieved a CR, while 20 patients had a PR, including 7 UPS, 9 leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and 1 each with alveolar soft part sarcoma, fibroblastic sarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma. Forty-five percent (9 of 20) of LMS patients achieved a PR. Twenty-eight patients had SD. Our results confirm the activity and safety of anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic STS. A notable response rate was observed in UPS and LMS subtypes. This study expands the knowledge base beyond what is currently available from clinical trials involving checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic STS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"1873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A Retrospective Analysis of the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Monga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith M.","family":"Skubitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Maliske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1719-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela C.","family":"Hirbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Van Tine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Oppelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Seetharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85058, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Charlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Agulnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Milhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019, February 26). 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Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30624-1","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in soft-tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma (SARC028): A multicenter, two-cohort, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"18","author":"Tawbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30006-8","article-title":"Nivolumab with or wihtout ipilimuab treatment for metastatic sarcoma (Alliance A091401): Two open-label, non-comparative, rando-mized, phase 2 trials","volume":"19","author":"Mahoney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov (2020, May 09). TVEC and Preop Radiation for Sarcoma. 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Med."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/12\/7\/1873\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:50:23Z","timestamp":1760176223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/12\/7\/1873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers12071873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12071873","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]}}}