{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:15:35Z","timestamp":1783440935182,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":510,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008441","name":"CYTED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIAL 217RT523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIAL 217RT523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are lymphomagenic viruses with region-specific induced morbidity. The RIAL-CYTED aims to increase the knowledge of lymphoma in Latin America (LA), and, as such, we systematically analyzed the literature to better understand our risk for virus-induced lymphoma. We observed that high endemicity regions for certain lymphomas, e.g., Mexico and Peru, have a high incidence of EBV-positive lymphomas of T\/NK cell origin. Peru also carries the highest frequency of EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), than any other LA country. Adult T cell lymphoma is endemic to the North of Brazil and Chile. While only few cases of KSHV-positive lymphomas were found, in spite of the close correlation of Kaposi sarcoma and the prevalence of pathogenic types of KSHV. Both EBV-associated HL and Burkitt lymphoma mainly affect young children, unlike in developed countries, in which adolescents and young adults are the most affected, correlating with an early EBV seroconversion for LA population despite of lack of infectious mononucleosis symptoms. High endemicity of KSHV and HTLV infection was observed among Amerindian populations, with differences between Amazonian and Andean populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12082166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T10:45:17Z","timestamp":1596537917000},"page":"2166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7355-3859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Chabay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez Children\u2019s Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Lens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento B\u00e1sico de Medicina, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas\/Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncovirology Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, National Cancer Institute \u201cJos\u00e9 Alencar Gomes da Silva\u201d (INCA), Ministry of Health, 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socorro Mar\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Valvert Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and National League against Cancer, 01011 Guatemala City, Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Medical Surgical and Oncological Hospital (ISSS), 1101 San Salvador, El Salvador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuad","family":"Huam\u00e1n Garaicoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute\u2014Society to Fight Cancer (ION-SOLCA), Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella Maris","family":"Ranuncolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Department, Institute of Oncology \u201cAngel H. Roffo\u201d School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1417DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Barrionuevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, National University of San Marcos, 15038 Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2951-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Morales S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Virology and Cancer, Children\u2019s Hospital of Mexico Federico G\u00f3mez, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Genomic Medicine, Conciencia-Oncohematologic Institute of Patagonia, 8300 Neuqu\u00e9n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3856-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"De Matteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez Children\u2019s Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma. Victoria","family":"Preciado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez Children\u2019s Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel M.","family":"Fuentes-Panan\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Virology and Cancer, Children\u2019s Hospital of Mexico Federico G\u00f3mez, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.11.016","article-title":"The cancer burden attributable to biologic agents","volume":"25","author":"Schottenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.3390\/v6104047","article-title":"Human viruses and cancer","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Biological Agents (2012). 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