{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:10:17Z","timestamp":1760238617091,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with cholangiocarcinoma often have indwelling biliary stents or catheters which are prone to obstructions and\/or infections; studies show that 20\u201340% present with fever and\/or jaundice requiring urgent treatment in the outpatient setting for which there are no uniform guidelines. The goal was to develop an expert panel consensus on this topic using the modified RAND\/UCLA Delphi process to rate treatment appropriateness. Methods: Thirteen expert physicians from relevant specialties, geography, and practice settings were recruited for the panel. Patient scenarios were developed and panelists rated the therapies before and after a face-to-face discussion. The appropriateness of various therapies was rated on a scale from 1\u20139 and classified as appropriate, inappropriate, or uncertain. Scenarios with greater than 2 (&gt;2) ratings of 1\u20133 (inappropriate) and greater than 2 (&gt;2) ratings of 7\u20139 (appropriate) were considered to have disagreement and were not assigned an appropriateness rating. Results: Panelists were from all US regions and the UK (8%) and had practiced for a mean 16.5 years (4\u201333 years). Panelists rated 480 scenarios before the meeting and re-rated 288 of the clinical scenarios after the meeting. The panelists agreed that ongoing treatment with chemotherapy did not influence decision-making and, therefore, 192 scenarios were excluded from the final list. Disagreement decreased from 37.5% before to 10.4% after the meeting. Consensus on stent\/tube manipulation and inpatient antibiotic therapy was obtained and summarized in patients as \u201cappropriate\u201d or \u201cmaybe appropriate\u201d based on a patient\u2019s bilirubin level at presentation. Conclusions: The Delphi process produced consensus guidelines to fill an unmet need in the urgent management of ascending cholangitis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1598001711000},"page":"2375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Guidelines for Management of Urgent Symptoms in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma and Biliary Stents or Catheters Using the Modified RAND\/UCLA Delphi Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Renuka V.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan G.","family":"Acquisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation, Herriman, UT 84096, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Bridgewater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Choti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ 85234, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore S.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSABP\/NRG Oncology and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Kis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neehar D.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-8574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cook County Health and Hospital System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riad","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason K.","family":"Sicklick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NW Medical Consult, Glenview, IL 60026, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Whisenant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT 84107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dasha","family":"Cherepanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Health Analytic Research, LLC, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Broder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Health Analytic Research, LLC, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1999-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan W.","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences and Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.02.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Bergquist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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