{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:35:16Z","timestamp":1787027716698,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare cancer with increasing incidence. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes is the major cause for its development. We retrospectively analyzed tumor samples from 54 anal SCC patients for infection with a panel of 32 HPV subtypes in a PCR-based approach, determined the PD-L1 expression status, and correlated the findings with the clinical data and the survival of the patients. Forty-two patients (77.8%) were HPV-positive and harbored at least one carcinogenic HPV subtype. HPV16 was the most frequently detected (n = 39, 72.2%). Four patients were infected with multiple HPV subtypes. HPV infection was significantly more often detected in female than in male patients (90.3% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.018). Patients with PD-L1 positive tumors showed a significantly better median overall survival (OS) compared with patients with PD-L1 negative tumors (69.3 vs. 28.3 months, p = 0.006). The median OS was significantly different among the distinct tumor stages (p = 0.029). Sex, grade of differentiation, and HPV infection status did not influence the median OS. Furthermore, HPV infection status and PD-L1 expression were not correlated. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression status was an independent prognostic marker for survival (p = 0.012).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1599218664000},"page":"2516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression and HPV Genotyping in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Wessely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus V.","family":"Heppt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Kammerbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Steeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Flaig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars E.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Berking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Schmoeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reinholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","article-title":"Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type","volume":"141","author":"Plummer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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