{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:47:42Z","timestamp":1787669262088,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["601317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["601317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/19\/D\/NZ1\/03443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/19\/D\/NZ1\/03443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules with important gene regulatory roles in normal and pathophysiological cellular processes. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an MYC-driven lymphoma of germinal center B (GC-B) cell origin. To gain further knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of BL, we performed small RNA sequencing in BL cell lines and normal GC-B cells. This revealed 26 miRNAs with significantly different expression levels. For five miRNAs, the differential expression pattern was confirmed in primary BL tissues compared to GC-B cells. MiR-378a-3p was upregulated in BL, and its inhibition reduced the growth of multiple BL cell lines. RNA immunoprecipitation of Argonaute 2 followed by microarray analysis (Ago2-RIP-Chip) upon inhibition and ectopic overexpression of miR-378a-3p revealed 63 and 20 putative miR-378a-3p targets, respectively. Effective targeting by miR-378a-3p was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays for MAX Network Transcriptional Repressor (MNT), Forkhead Box P1 (FOXP1), Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4), and lncRNA Just Proximal To XIST (JPX), and by Western blot for IRAK4 and MNT. Overexpression of IRAK4 and MNT phenocopied the effect of miR-378a-3p inhibition. In summary, we identified miR-378a-3p as a miRNA with an oncogenic role in BL and identified IRAK4 and MNT as miR-378a-3p target genes that are involved in its growth regulatory role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T09:16:49Z","timestamp":1606468609000},"page":"3546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["MiR-378a-3p Is Critical for Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9321-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fubiao","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7633-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper","family":"Koerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The 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Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Winkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wierd","family":"Kooistra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tineke","family":"van der Sluis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bea","family":"Rutgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miente Martijn","family":"Terpstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8655-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaas","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Kluiver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8894-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Etiology of Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma\u2014An alternative hypothesis to a vectored virus","volume":"42","author":"Burkitt","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. 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