{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:47:09Z","timestamp":1791845229423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006244","name":"Stichting Kinderen Kankervrij","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinoblastoma mimickers, or pseudoretinoblastoma, are conditions that show similarities with the pediatric cancer retinoblastoma. However, false-positive retinoblastoma diagnosis can cause mistreatment, while false-negative diagnosis can cause life-threatening treatment delay. The purpose of this study is to identify the MR imaging features that best differentiate between retinoblastoma and the most common pseudoretinoblastoma diagnoses: Coats\u2019 disease and persistent fetal vasculature (PFV). Here, six expert radiologists performed retrospective assessments (blinded for diagnosis) of MR images of patients with a final diagnosis based on histopathology or clinical follow-up. Associations between 20 predefined imaging features and diagnosis were assessed with exact tests corrected for multiple hypothesis testing. Sixty-six patients were included, of which 33 (50%) were retinoblastoma and 33 (50%) pseudoretinoblastoma patients. A larger eye size, vitreous seeding, and sharp-V-shaped retinal detachment were almost exclusively found in retinoblastoma (p &lt; 0.001\u20130.022, specificity 93\u201397%). Features that were almost exclusively found in pseudoretinoblastoma included smaller eye size, ciliary\/lens deformations, optic nerve atrophy, a central stalk between optic disc and lens, Y-shaped retinal detachment, and absence of calcifications (p &lt; 0.001\u20130.022, specificity 91\u2013100%). Additionally, three newly identified imaging features were exclusively present in pseudoretinoblastoma: intraretinal macrocysts (p &lt; 0.001, 38% [9\/24] in Coats\u2019 disease and 20% [2\/10] in PFV), contrast enhancement outside the solid lesion (p &lt; 0.001, 30% [7\/23] in Coats\u2019 disease and 57% [4\/7] in PFV), and enhancing subfoveal nodules (38% [9\/24] in Coats\u2019 disease). An assessment strategy was proposed for MR imaging differentiation between retinoblastoma and pseudoretinoblastoma, including three newly identified differentiating MR imaging features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1606767022000},"page":"3592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["MR Imaging Features to Differentiate Retinoblastoma from Coats\u2019 Disease and Persistent Fetal Vasculature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin W.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiaan M.","family":"de Bloeme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2794-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herv\u00e9 J.","family":"Brisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris University, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Galluzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Cardoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris University, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"G\u00f6ricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Maeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Cassoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris University, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris University, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6905-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Schlueter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Hadjistilianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Siena University Hospital, 531000 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis L.","family":"Munier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas A.","family":"Castelijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9313-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette C.","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus C.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1938-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(08)70349-8","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma: A retrospective study of 486 cases","volume":"31","author":"Vahedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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