{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:25:33Z","timestamp":1791318333745,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gynaecological cancers can be primary neoplasms, originating either from the reproductive tract or the products of conception, or secondary neoplasms, representative of metastatic disease. For some of these cancers, the exact causes are unknown; however, it is recognised that the precise aetiopathogeneses for most are multifactorial and include exogenous (such as diet) and endogenous factors (such as genetic predisposition), which mutually interact in a complex manner. One factor that has been recognised to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gynaecological cancers is the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS consists of endocannabinoids (bioactive lipids), their receptors, and metabolic enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. In this review, the impact of plant-derived (Cannabis species) cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on gynaecological cancers will be discussed within the context of the complexity of the proteins that bind, transport, and metabolise these compounds in reproductive and other tissues. In particular, the potential of endocannabinoids, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes as biomarkers of specific cancers, such as those of the endometrium, will be addressed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of targeting selected elements of the ECS as new action points for the development of innovative drugs will be presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T09:30:19Z","timestamp":1608888619000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["(Endo)Cannabinoids and Gynaecological Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tortolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thangesweran","family":"Ayakannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women\u2019s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin C.","family":"Konje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3990-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Maccarrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.10.039","article-title":"Cannabis sativa","volume":"30","author":"Schilling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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