{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:46:49Z","timestamp":1788436009587,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":229,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00CA178177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00CA178177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pennsylvania State Department of Health","award":["SAP 4100072566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAP 4100072566"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, resulting in osteolytic lesions and poor patient quality of life. The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in cancer cell metastasis by means of the physical and biochemical cues it provides to support cellular crosstalk. Current two-dimensional in-vitro models lack the spatial and biochemical complexities of the native ECM and do not fully recapitulate crosstalk that occurs between the tumor and endogenous stromal cells. Engineered models such as bone-on-a-chip, extramedullary bone, and bioreactors are presently used to model cellular crosstalk and bone\u2013tumor cell interactions, but fall short of providing a bone-biomimetic microenvironment. Three-dimensional bioprinting allows for the deposition of biocompatible materials and living cells in complex architectures, as well as provides a means to better replicate biological tissue niches in-vitro. In cancer research specifically, 3D constructs have been instrumental in seminal work modeling cancer cell dissemination to bone and bone\u2013tumor cell crosstalk in the skeleton. Furthermore, the use of biocompatible materials, such as hydroxyapatite, allows for printing of bone-like microenvironments with the ability to be implanted and studied in in-vivo animal models. Moreover, the use of bioprinted models could drive the development of novel cancer therapies and drug delivery vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T05:53:43Z","timestamp":1611899623000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Printing the Pathway Forward in Bone Metastatic Cancer Research: Applications of 3D Engineered Models and Bioprinted Scaffolds to Recapitulate the Bone\u2013Tumor Niche"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexus D.","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison B.","family":"Shupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy M.","family":"Shine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Design Lab, Jefferson Bioprinting Lab, Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6519-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Bussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a005058","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005058","article-title":"Extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling in development and disease","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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