{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:54:51Z","timestamp":1772776491372,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CA218292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA218292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA224605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA224605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01CA253615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA253615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Though most patients enter remission following initial interventions, relapse is common and often fatal. Accordingly, there is a substantial need for ovarian cancer therapies that prevent relapse. Following remission generated by surgical debulking and chemotherapy, but prior to relapse, resected and inactivated tumor tissue could be used as a personalized vaccine antigen source. The patient\u2019s own tumor contains relevant antigens and, when combined with the appropriate adjuvant, could generate systemic antitumor immunity to prevent relapse. Here, we model this process in mice to investigate the optimal tumor preparation and vaccine adjuvant. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has shown remarkable efficacy as an immunostimulatory cancer therapy in ovarian cancer mouse models, so we use CPMV as an adjuvant in a prophylactic vaccine against a murine ovarian cancer model. Compared to its codelivery with tumor antigens prepared in three other ways, we show that CPMV co-delivered with irradiated ovarian cancer cells constitutes an effective prophylactic vaccine against a syngeneic model of ovarian cancer in C57BL\/6J mice. Following two vaccinations, 72% of vaccinated mice reject tumor challenges, and all those mice survived subsequent rechallenges, demonstrating immunologic memory formation. This study supports remission-stage vaccines using irradiated patient tumor tissue as a promising option for treating ovarian cancer, and validates CPMV as an antitumor vaccine adjuvant for that purpose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T03:34:02Z","timestamp":1612496042000},"page":"627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Remission-Stage Ovarian Cancer Cell Vaccine with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Adjuvant Prevents Tumor Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Courtney T.","family":"Stump","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5427-4985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenkai","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Veliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Beiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0130-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole F.","family":"Steinmetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Fiering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA"},{"name":"Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21456","article-title":"Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Torre","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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