{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:29:04Z","timestamp":1793276944026,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is produced by different cell types and is highly expressed in the thymus. It plays an important role in T cell development, trafficking and activation of mature T cells after binding to its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and consecutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation. Importantly, TARC is also produced by malignant Hodgkin and Reed\u2013Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In cHL, HRS cells survive and proliferate due to the micro-environment consisting primarily of type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. TARC-mediated signaling initiates a positive feedback loop that is crucial for the interaction between HRS and T cells. The clinical applicability of TARC is diverse. It is useful as diagnostic biomarker in both children and adults with cHL and in other Th2-driven diseases. In adult cHL patients, TARC is also a biomarker for treatment response and prognosis. Finally, blocking TARC signaling and thus inhibiting pathological Th2 cell recruitment could be a therapeutic strategy in cHL. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of TARC and focus on its role in cHL pathogenesis and as a biomarker for cHL and other diseases. We conclude by giving an outlook on putative therapeutic applications of antagonists and inhibitors of TARC-mediated signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T21:15:01Z","timestamp":1613942101000},"page":"884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Biology and Clinical Applicability of Plasma Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC) in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4445-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline A. M.","family":"Zijtregtop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"van der Strate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auke","family":"Beishuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijn A.","family":"Scheijde-Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7969-4046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianne M.","family":"Brandsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Meyer-Wentrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-oncology, Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq181","article-title":"Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: Esmo clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Engert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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