{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:51:40Z","timestamp":1780318300018,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":205,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accuracy of target delineation in radiation treatment (RT) planning of cerebral gliomas is crucial to achieve high tumor control, while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, represents the current standard imaging modality for target volume delineation of gliomas. However, conventional sequences have limited capability to discriminate treatment-related changes from viable tumors, owing to the low specificity of increased blood-brain barrier permeability and peritumoral edema. Advanced physiology-based MRI techniques, such as MR spectroscopy, diffusion MRI and perfusion MRI, have been developed for the biological characterization of gliomas and may circumvent these limitations, providing additional metabolic, structural, and hemodynamic information for treatment planning and monitoring. Radionuclide imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) with amino acid radiopharmaceuticals, are also increasingly used in the workup of primary brain tumors, and their integration in RT planning is being evaluated in specialized centers. This review focuses on the basic principles and clinical results of advanced MRI and PET imaging techniques that have promise as a complement to RT planning of gliomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13051063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:10:16Z","timestamp":1614748216000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Advanced Imaging Techniques for Radiotherapy Planning of Gliomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4137-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Castellano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4151-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Bailo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cicone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University of Catanzaro, and Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital \u201cMater Domini\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Carideo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9845-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natale","family":"Quartuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.R.N.A.S. Ospedale Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90144 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Mortini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Falini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Lucio","family":"Cascini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d University of Catanzaro, and Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital \u201cMater Domini\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Minniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weller, M., van den Bent, M., Preusser, M., Le Rhun, E., Tonn, J.C., Minniti, G., Bendszus, M., Balana, C., Chinot, O., and Dirven, L. (2020). EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol., 18.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00447-z"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa106","article-title":"Glioblastoma in adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on current management and future directions","volume":"22","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.06.082","article-title":"Abbreviated course of radiation therapy in older patients with glioblastoma multiforme: A prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Roa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.09.013","article-title":"Standard (60 Gy) or short-course (40 Gy) irradiation plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for elderly patients with glioblastoma: A propensity-matched analysis","volume":"91","author":"Minniti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611977","article-title":"Short-Course radiation plus temozolomide in elderly patients with glioblastoma","volume":"376","author":"Perry","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2010.08.020","article-title":"Patterns of failure and comparison of different target volume delineations in patients with glioblastoma treated with conformal radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide","volume":"97","author":"Minniti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.12954","article-title":"Technical Advances in Radiation Therapy for Brain Tumors","volume":"38","author":"Scaringi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2006-012","article-title":"The course of neurocognitive functioning in high-grade glioma patients","volume":"9","author":"Bosma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.194","article-title":"Neuro-oncology: Late neurocognitive decline after radiotherapy for low-grade glioma","volume":"5","author":"Khasraw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000133398.11870.9A","article-title":"Immediate post-radiotherapy changes in malignant glioma can mimic tumor progression","volume":"63","author":"Eijkenboom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"109","article-title":"MR Gd-DTPA enhancement of radiation brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Nishimura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiat. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"901","article-title":"Posttherapeutic intraaxial brain tumor: The value of perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating tumor recurrence from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue","volume":"21","author":"Sugahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vii2","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou224","article-title":"Pros and cons of current brain tumor imaging","volume":"16","author":"Ellingson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1627468","article-title":"Imaging Criteria in Neuro-oncology","volume":"38","author":"Nowosielski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx103","article-title":"Current Clinical Brain Tumor Imaging","volume":"81","author":"Mabray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3541","article-title":"Updated response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: Response assessment in neuro-oncology working group","volume":"28","author":"Wen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"Cd011551","article-title":"Magnetic resonance perfusion for differentiating low-grade from high-grade gliomas at first presentation","volume":"1","author":"Abrigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4789-9","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging techniques for treatment response evaluation in patients with high-grade glioma, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Holtman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000328","article-title":"Progress in neuro-imaging of brain tumors","volume":"28","author":"Castellano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-017-0225-z","article-title":"Amino acid PET and MR perfusion imaging in brain tumours","volume":"5","author":"Filss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.44","article-title":"Advances in neuro-oncology imaging","volume":"13","author":"Langen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now058","article-title":"Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology working group and European Association for Neuro-Oncology recommendations for the clinical use of PET imaging in gliomas","volume":"18","author":"Albert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galldiks, N., Niyazi, M., Grosu, A.L., Kocher, M., Langen, K.-J., Law, I., Minniti, G., Kim, M.M., Tsien, C., and Dhermain, F. (2021). Contribution of PET imaging to radiotherapy planning and monitoring in glioma patients-a report of the PET\/RANO group. Neuro Oncol.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab013"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.12.003","article-title":"ESTRO-ACROP guideline \u201ctarget delineation of glioblastomas\u201d","volume":"118","author":"Niyazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31442-3","article-title":"Interim results from the CATNON trial (EORTC study 26053-22054) of treatment with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide for 1p\/19q non-co-deleted anaplastic glioma: A phase 3, randomised, open-label intergroup study","volume":"390","author":"Baumert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00810","article-title":"An Open-Source Tool for Anisotropic Radiation Therapy Planning in Neuro-oncology Using DW-MRI Tractography","volume":"9","author":"Jordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.185","article-title":"Mechanisms of radiotherapy-associated cognitive disability in patients with brain tumours","volume":"13","author":"Makale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kebir, S., Schmidt, T., Weber, M., Lazaridis, L., Galldiks, N., Langen, K.J., Kleinschnitz, C., Hattingen, E., Herrlinger, U., and Lohmann, P. (2020). A Preliminary Study on Machine Learning-Based Evaluation of Static and Dynamic FET-PET for the Detection of Pseudoprogression in Patients with IDH-Wildtype Glioblastoma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113080"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohmann, P., Elahmadawy, M.A., Gutsche, R., Werner, J.M., Bauer, E.K., Ceccon, G., Kocher, M., Lerche, C.W., Rapp, M., and Fink, G.R. (2020). FET PET Radiomics for Differentiating Pseudoprogression from Early Tumor Progression in Glioma Patients Post-Chemoradiation. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123835"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4188-8","article-title":"FET PET reveals considerable spatial differences in tumour burden compared to conventional MRI in newly diagnosed glioblastoma","volume":"46","author":"Lohmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.196709","article-title":"Spatial Relationship of Glioma Volume Derived from (18)F-FET PET and Volumetric MR Spectroscopy Imaging: A Hybrid PET\/MRI Study","volume":"59","author":"Mauler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3812-3","article-title":"Comparison of (18)F-FET PET and perfusion-weighted MRI for glioma grading: A hybrid PET\/MR study","volume":"44","author":"Verger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers4020379","article-title":"External beam radiotherapy of recurrent glioma: Radiation tolerance of the human brain","volume":"4","author":"Sminia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12310","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance (MR) Metabolic Imaging in Glioma","volume":"25","author":"Chaumeil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.4.0794","article-title":"Histopathological validation of a three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy index as a predictor of tumor presence","volume":"97","author":"McKnight","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"604","article-title":"Preoperative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of brain tumors: Correlation with histopathologic analysis of resection specimens","volume":"22","author":"Dowling","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10367","article-title":"Metabolic profiles of human brain tumors using quantitative in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"49","author":"Howe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med. Off. J. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27742","article-title":"Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24339","article-title":"Automated prescription of oblique brain 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging","volume":"69","author":"Ozhinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1418-x","article-title":"The relationship between Cho\/NAA and glioma metabolism: Implementation for margin delineation of cerebral gliomas","volume":"154","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20039","article-title":"Survival analysis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Predictive value of choline-to-n-acetylaspartate index, apparent diffusion coefficient, and relative cerebral blood volume","volume":"19","author":"Oh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200102)13:2<167::AID-JMRI1026>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"An automated technique for the quantitative assessment of 3D-MRSI data from patients with glioma","volume":"13","author":"McKnight","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.05.014","article-title":"3-Dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 3 Tesla for early response assessment of glioblastoma patients during external beam radiation therapy","volume":"90","author":"Muruganandham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01548-6","article-title":"MR-spectroscopy guided target delineation for high-grade gliomas","volume":"50","author":"Pirzkall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10147","article-title":"Analysis of the spatial characteristics of metabolic abnormalities in newly diagnosed glioma patients","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253410","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for visualization of the infiltration zone of glioma","volume":"72","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. Neurosurg. Zent. Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now036","article-title":"Whole-Brain spectroscopic MRI biomarkers identify infiltrating margins in glioblastoma patients","volume":"18","author":"Cordova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.18383\/j.tom.2016.00187","article-title":"Simulating the effect of spectroscopic MRI as a metric for radiation therapy planning in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"2","author":"Cordova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.03.049","article-title":"Volumetric spectroscopic imaging of glioblastoma multiforme radiation treatment volumes","volume":"90","author":"Parra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy461","article-title":"The Role of Standard and Advanced Imaging for the Management of Brain Malignancies from a Radiation Oncology Standpoint","volume":"85","author":"Press","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.11.106","article-title":"Feasibility of voxel-based Dose Painting for recurrent Glioblastoma guided by ADC values of Diffusion-Weighted MR imaging","volume":"32","author":"Orlandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-1","article-title":"Integration method of 3D MR spectroscopy into treatment planning system for glioblastoma IMRT dose painting with integrated simultaneous boost","volume":"8","author":"Ken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.020","article-title":"Phase II trial of radiosurgery to magnetic resonance spectroscopy-defined high-risk tumor volumes in patients with glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"84","author":"Einstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laprie, A., Ken, S., Filleron, T., Lubrano, V., Vieillevigne, L., Tensaouti, F., Catalaa, I., Boetto, S., Khalifa, J., and Attal, J. (2019). Dose-painting multicenter phase III trial in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: The SPECTRO-GLIO trial comparing arm A standard radiochemotherapy to arm B radiochemotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost guided by MR spectroscopic imaging. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5317-x"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.18383\/j.tom.2018.00028","article-title":"The Brain Imaging Collaboration Suite (BrICS): A Cloud Platform for Integrating Whole-Brain Spectroscopic MRI into the Radiation Therapy Planning Workflow","volume":"5","author":"Gurbani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0656","article-title":"Treatment response assessment in IDH-mutant glioma patients by noninvasive 3D functional spectroscopic mapping of 2-hydroxyglutarate","volume":"22","author":"Andronesi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.1222","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal analysis of 2-hydroxyglutarate magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies broad clinical utility for the management of patients with IDH-mutant glioma","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Volumetric relationship between 2-hydroxyglutarate and FLAIR hyperintensity has potential implications for radiotherapy planning of mutant IDH glioma patients","volume":"18","author":"Loebel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1119","article-title":"Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1544","article-title":"Diffusion imaging of brain tumors","volume":"23","author":"Maier","year":"2010","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4097","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of diffusion metrics for the prediction of tumor grade in gliomas","volume":"36","author":"Miloushev","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22304","article-title":"Predicting survival in glioblastomas using diffusion tensor imaging metrics","volume":"32","author":"Saksena","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5745","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2844","article-title":"Diffusion MRI phenotypes predict overall survival benefit from anti-VEGF monotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: Converging evidence from phase II trials","volume":"23","author":"Ellingson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2096","article-title":"MRI and 18FET-PET Predict Survival Benefit from Bevacizumab Plus Radiotherapy in Patients with Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Wild-type Glioblastoma: Results from the Randomized ARTE Trial","volume":"27","author":"Wirsching","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2232-8","article-title":"Do perfusion and diffusion MRI predict glioblastoma relapse sites following chemoradiation?","volume":"130","author":"Khalifa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.02.058","article-title":"Hypercellularity components of glioblastoma identified by high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging","volume":"92","author":"Pramanik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16759","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508347102","article-title":"Evaluation of the functional diffusion map as an early biomarker of time-to-progression and overall survival in high-grade glioma","volume":"102","author":"Hamstra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5524","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501532102","article-title":"Functional diffusion map: A noninvasive MRI biomarker for early stratification of clinical brain tumor response","volume":"102","author":"Moffat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irfanoglu, M.O., Sadeghi, N., Sarlls, J., and Pierpaoli, C. (2020). Improved reproducibility of diffusion MRI of the human brain with a four-way blip-up and down phase-encoding acquisition approach. Magn. Reson. Med., 85.","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28624"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782","article-title":"The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system\u2014A technical review","volume":"15","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2002","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.05.002","article-title":"Studying connections in the living human brain with diffusion MRI","volume":"44","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"356","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter: A pictorial review of physics, fiber tract anatomy, and tumor imaging patterns","volume":"25","author":"Jellison","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-017-0469-y","article-title":"Functional MRI for Surgery of Gliomas","volume":"19","author":"Castellano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Opt. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.05.063","article-title":"Cost of migration: Invasion of malignant gliomas and implications for treatment","volume":"21","author":"Giese","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199608000-00001","article-title":"Glioma invasion in the central nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Giese","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20625","article-title":"Simulation of anisotropic growth of low-grade gliomas using diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"54","author":"Jbabdi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med. Off. J. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3702","article-title":"Utility of diffusion tensor imaging in evaluation of the peritumoral region in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors","volume":"35","author":"Sternberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1969","article-title":"Improved delineation of glioma margins and regions of infiltration with the use of diffusion tensor imaging: An image-guided biopsy study","volume":"27","author":"Price","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0561-2","article-title":"Predicting patterns of glioma recurrence using diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"17","author":"Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.017","article-title":"Evidence that MR diffusion tensor imaging (tractography) predicts the natural history of regional progression in patients irradiated conformally for primary brain tumors","volume":"71","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-014-0676-3","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging for target volume definition in glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"190","author":"Berberat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Strahlenther. Onkol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2005.04.012","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging: Possible implications for radiotherapy treatment planning of patients with high-grade glioma","volume":"17","author":"Jena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1374559","article-title":"Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging driven growth modeling for radiotherapy target definition in glioblastoma","volume":"56","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-015-0364-1","article-title":"Integration of BOLD-fMRI and DTI into radiation treatment planning for high-grade gliomas located near the primary motor cortexes and corticospinal tracts","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.01.002","article-title":"Corticospinal tract-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment planning","volume":"19","author":"Igaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.10.004","article-title":"Integration of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Tractography into tomotherapy radiation treatment planning for high-grade gliomas","volume":"55","author":"Altabella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24648","article-title":"Principles of T2 *-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI technique in brain tumor imaging","volume":"41","author":"Shiroishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0851","article-title":"Apparent diffusion coefficient and cerebral blood volume in brain gliomas: Relation to tumor cell density and tumor microvessel density based on stereotactic biopsies","volume":"29","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"1989","article-title":"Glioma grading: Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of perfusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging compared with conventional MR imaging","volume":"24","author":"Law","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2472070898","article-title":"Gliomas: Predicting time to progression or survival with cerebral blood volume measurements at dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging","volume":"247","author":"Law","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.09.001","article-title":"Clinical investigation survival prediction in high-grade gliomas by MRI perfusion before and during early stage of RT","volume":"64","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2312","article-title":"Correlation of MR relative cerebral blood volume measurements with cellular density and proliferation in high-grade gliomas: An image-guided biopsy study","volume":"32","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"30","article-title":"Use of Perfusion Mri for Determination of Irradiation Volumes in Radiotherapy of Patients with Brain Glioma","volume":"278","author":"Mardaleishvili","year":"2018","journal-title":"Georgian Med. News"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-2859-8","article-title":"Quantitative dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging-guided customized gamma knife re-irradiation of recurrent high-grade gliomas","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.09.002","article-title":"Assessment of blood-brain barrier disruption using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Heye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8912","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-4328","article-title":"The extent and severity of vascular leakage as evidence of tumor aggressiveness in high-grade gliomas","volume":"66","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4449","article-title":"The Added Prognostic Value of Preoperative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Histogram Analysis in Patients with Glioblastoma: Analysis of Overall and Progression-Free Survival","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4006","article-title":"Preoperative prognostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-derived contrast transfer coefficient and plasma volume in patients with cerebral gliomas","volume":"36","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170362","article-title":"Brain Gliomas: Multicenter Standardized Assessment of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MR Images","volume":"287","author":"Anzalone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14662.1","article-title":"Identifying voxels at risk for progression in glioblastoma based on dosimetry, physiologic and metabolic MRI","volume":"188","author":"Anwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.04.045","article-title":"Combining Perfusion and High B-value Diffusion MRI to Inform Prognosis and Predict Failure Patterns in Glioblastoma","volume":"102","author":"Wahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.18383\/j.tom.2018.00035","article-title":"Developing a Pipeline for Multiparametric MRI-Guided Radiation Therapy: Initial Results from a Phase II Clinical Trial in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2006.01.025","article-title":"A framework of fuzzy information fusion for the segmentation of brain tumor tissues on MR images","volume":"25","author":"Dou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21678-2","article-title":"A fuzzy feature fusion method for auto-segmentation of gliomas with multi-modality diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance images in radiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02441-x","article-title":"Glucose transporters in brain in health and disease","volume":"472","author":"Koepsell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00183-7","article-title":"The value of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET for the 3-D radiation treatment planning of malignant gliomas","volume":"41","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"1667","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of 18F-FDG PET in glioblastoma multiforme: Prognostic information and possible role in definition of target volumes in radiation dose escalation","volume":"43","author":"Tralins","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.08.013","article-title":"[F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for targeting radiation dose escalation for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Clinical outcomes and patterns of failure","volume":"64","author":"Douglas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz003","article-title":"PET imaging in patients with brain metastasis-report of the RANO\/PET group","volume":"21","author":"Galldiks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicone, F., Carideo, L., Scaringi, C., Romano, A., Mamede, M., Papa, A., Tofani, A., Cascini, G.L., Bozzao, A., and Scopinaro, F. (2020). Long-term metabolic evolution of brain metastases with suspected radiation necrosis following stereotactic radiosurgery: Longitudinal assessment by F-DOPA PET. Neuro Oncol.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa239"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1863-3","article-title":"System L amino acid transporter LAT1 accumulates O-(2-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)","volume":"47","author":"Habermeier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.086645","article-title":"O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET predicts failure of antiangiogenic treatment in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma","volume":"52","author":"Hutterer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4082-4","article-title":"Early treatment response evaluation using FET PET compared to MRI in glioblastoma patients at first progression treated with bevacizumab plus lomustine","volume":"45","author":"Galldiks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos300","article-title":"[18F]-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine PET: A valuable diagnostic tool in neuro-oncology, but not all that glitters is glioma","volume":"15","author":"Hutterer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170847","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170847","article-title":"(18)F-DOPA uptake parameters in glioma: Effects of patients\u2019 characteristics and prior treatment history","volume":"91","author":"Carideo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-018-1221-z","article-title":"Influence of Dexamethasone on O-(2-[(18)F]-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine Uptake in the Human Brain and Quantification of Tumor Uptake","volume":"21","author":"Stegmayr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-4276-4","article-title":"The mean striatal (18)F-DOPA uptake is not a reliable cut-off threshold for biological tumour volume definition of glioma","volume":"46","author":"Cicone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-003-1259-1","article-title":"Brain tumour imaging with PET: A comparison between [18F]fluorodopa and [11C]methionine","volume":"30","author":"Becherer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.07.002","article-title":"An interindividual comparison of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)- and L-[methyl-11C]methionine (MET)-PET in patients with brain gliomas and metastases","volume":"81","author":"Grosu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not199","article-title":"Intra-Individual comparison of \u00b9\u2078F-FET and \u00b9\u2078F-DOPA in PET imaging of recurrent brain tumors","volume":"16","author":"Kratochwil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh399","article-title":"O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET combined with MRI improves the diagnostic assessment of cerebral gliomas","volume":"128","author":"Pauleit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000338949.94496.85","article-title":"Positron emission tomography-guided volumetric resection of supratentorial high-grade gliomas: A survival analysis in 66 consecutive patients","volume":"64","author":"Pirotte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-016-3494-2","article-title":"The prognostic value of FET PET at radiotherapy planning in newly diagnosed glioblastoma","volume":"44","author":"Poulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.01.055","article-title":"Prognostic value of early [18F]fluoroethyltyrosine positron emission tomography after radiochemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"80","author":"Piroth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.01.045","article-title":"L-(methyl-11C) methionine positron emission tomography for target delineation in resected high-grade gliomas before radiotherapy","volume":"63","author":"Grosu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.09.020","article-title":"Impact of [11C]methionine positron emission tomography for target definition of glioblastoma multiforme in radiation therapy planning","volume":"82","author":"Matsuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7163","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0262","article-title":"Delineation of brain tumor extent with [11C]L-methionine positron emission tomography: Local comparison with stereotactic histopathology","volume":"10","author":"Kracht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.09.004","article-title":"Investigation on the role of integrated PET\/MRI for target volume definition and radiotherapy planning in patients with high grade glioma","volume":"112","author":"Navarria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.044","article-title":"Methionine Uptake and Required Radiation Dose to Control Glioblastoma","volume":"93","author":"Iuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.050","article-title":"Association of 11C-methionine PET uptake with site of failure after concurrent temozolomide and radiation for primary glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-3-44","article-title":"[(18)F]Fluoroethyltyrosine- positron emission tomography-guided radiotherapy for high-grade glioma","volume":"3","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.08.043","article-title":"Recurrence pattern after [(18)F]fluoroethyltyrosine-positron emission tomography-guided radiotherapy for high-grade glioma: A prospective study","volume":"93","author":"Weber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.03.001","article-title":"FET-PET for malignant glioma treatment planning","volume":"99","author":"Niyazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.06.043","article-title":"Analysis of FET-PET imaging for target volume definition in patients with gliomas treated with conformal radiotherapy","volume":"109","author":"Rieken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nou316","article-title":"Impact of [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine PET imaging on target definition for radiation therapy of high-grade glioma","volume":"17","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2018.01.006","article-title":"Utilizing 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography (PET) to define suspected nonenhancing tumor for radiation therapy planning of glioblastoma","volume":"8","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.06.004","article-title":"Pre-Irradiation tumour volumes defined by MRI and dual time-point FET-PET for the prediction of glioblastoma multiforme recurrence: A prospective study","volume":"120","author":"Harat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.01.002","article-title":"Patterns of failure for patients with glioblastoma following O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET- and MRI-guided radiotherapy","volume":"122","author":"Lundemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.12.005","article-title":"Margin reduction in radiotherapy for glioblastoma through (18)F-fluoroethyltyrosine PET?\u2014A recurrence pattern analysis","volume":"145","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-0060-5","article-title":"Integrated boost IMRT with FET-PET-adapted local dose escalation in glioblastomas. Results of a prospective phase II study","volume":"188","author":"Piroth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strahlenther. Onkol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0665-z","article-title":"Relapse patterns after radiochemotherapy of glioblastoma with FET PET-guided boost irradiation and simulation to optimize radiation target volume","volume":"11","author":"Piroth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.09.008","article-title":"High-Grade glioma radiation therapy target volumes and patterns of failure obtained from magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-FDOPA positron emission tomography delineations from multiple observers","volume":"87","author":"Kosztyla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180901","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180901","article-title":"Dose-Painted volumetric modulated arc therapy of high-grade glioma using 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography","volume":"92","author":"Kosztyla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.2174\/156652409788167087","article-title":"Hypoxia and radiation therapy: Past history, ongoing research, and future promise","volume":"9","author":"Rockwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.610","article-title":"Imaging tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography","volume":"112","author":"Fleming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171116123702","article-title":"The Validation Path of Hypoxia PET Imaging: Focus on Brain Tumours","volume":"25","author":"Quartuccio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2014.10.005","article-title":"The chemistry and radiochemistry of hypoxia-specific, radiohalogenated nitroaromatic imaging probes","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16802","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16802","article-title":"The accumulation mechanism of the hypoxia imaging probe \u201cFMISO\u201d by imaging mass spectrometry: Possible involvement of low-molecular metabolites","volume":"5","author":"Masaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-020-00358-0","article-title":"Hypoxia PET imaging beyond 18F-FMISO in patients with high-grade glioma: 18F-FAZA and other hypoxia radiotracers","volume":"8","author":"Quartuccio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2014.10.003","article-title":"Evaluation of hypoxia with copper-labeled diacetyl-bis(N-methylthiosemicarbazone)","volume":"45","author":"Lapi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-020-00621-5","article-title":"Hypoxia imaging and theranostic potential of [(64)Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts: A review of current evidence and discussion of the retention mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-019-0586-6","article-title":"(64)Cu-ATSM\/(64)Cu-Cl(2) and their relationship to hypoxia in glioblastoma: A preclinical study","volume":"9","author":"Toutain","year":"2019","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.06.039","article-title":"Fluorine-18-labeled fluoromisonidazole positron emission and computed tomography-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A feasibility study","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1147-2","article-title":"FDG and FMISO PET-guided dose escalation with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Thureau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.188367","article-title":"Phase II Study of a Radiotherapy Total Dose Increase in Hypoxic Lesions Identified by (18)F-Misonidazole PET\/CT in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (RTEP5 Study)","volume":"58","author":"Vera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gangemi, V., Mignogna, C., Guzzi, G., Lavano, A., Bongarzone, S., Cascini, G.L., and Sabatini, U. (2019). Impact of [(64)Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET\/CT in the evaluation of hypoxia in a patient with Glioblastoma: A case report. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6368-8"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3159","article-title":"Application of 62Cu-diacetyl-bis (N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) PET imaging to predict highly malignant tumor grades and hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 expression in patients with glioma","volume":"34","author":"Tateishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"410","article-title":"Correlation of hypoxic cell fraction and angiogenesis with glucose metabolic rate in gliomas using 18F-fluoromisonidazole, 18F-FDG PET, and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"47","author":"Cher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5079","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2529","article-title":"ACRIN 6684: Assessment of Tumor Hypoxia in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Using 18F-FMISO PET and MRI","volume":"22","author":"Gerstner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4995","article-title":"Regional hypoxia in glioblastoma multiforme quantified with [18F]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography before radiotherapy: Correlation with time to progression and survival","volume":"14","author":"Spence","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1290-4","article-title":"Technical feasibility of [(18)F]FET and [(18)F]FAZA PET guided radiotherapy in a F98 glioblastoma rat model","volume":"14","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001850","article-title":"18F-FAZA PET\/CT Hypoxia Imaging of High-Grade Glioma Before and After Radiotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Mapelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyr181","article-title":"Reoxygenation of glioblastoma multiforme treated with fractionated radiotherapy concomitant with temozolomide: Changes defined by 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography: Two case reports","volume":"42","author":"Narita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180642","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180642","article-title":"Imaging tumour hypoxia with oxygen-enhanced MRI and BOLD MRI","volume":"92","author":"Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00117","article-title":"Hypoxia Imaging and Adaptive Radiotherapy: A State-of-the-Art Approach in the Management of Glioma","volume":"6","author":"Gerard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23283","article-title":"Measuring brain oxygenation in humans using a multiparametric quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent MRI approach","volume":"68","author":"Christen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016161422","article-title":"MR Imaging-derived Oxygen Metabolism and Neovascularization Characterization for Grading and IDH Gene Mutation Detection of Gliomas","volume":"283","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy066","article-title":"Intratumoral heterogeneity of oxygen metabolism and neovascularization uncovers 2 survival-relevant subgroups of IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma","volume":"20","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stadlbauer, A., Oberndorfer, S., Zimmermann, M., Renner, B., Buchfelder, M., Heinz, G., Doerfler, A., Kleindienst, A., and Roessler, K. (2019). Physiologic MR imaging of the tumor microenvironment revealed switching of metabolic phenotype upon recurrence of glioblastoma in humans. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 528\u2013538.","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19827885"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000198","article-title":"Neuroimaging for Radiation Therapy of Brain Tumors","volume":"28","author":"Popp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-0881-9","article-title":"Conventional MRI does not reliably distinguish radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence after stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"109","author":"Stockham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.3.0467","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in the evaluation of patients undergoing gamma knife surgery for Grade IV glioma","volume":"101","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"613","article-title":"Serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas after gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"22","author":"Graves","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460700600502","article-title":"Potential value of MR spectroscopic imaging for the radiosurgical management of patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas","volume":"6","author":"Chuang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos112","article-title":"Reevaluating the imaging definition of tumor progression: Perfusion MRI quantifies recurrent glioblastoma tumor fraction, pseudoprogression, and radiation necrosis to predict survival","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.04.010","article-title":"Quantification of cerebral perfusion using the \u201cbookend technique\u201d: An evaluation in CNS tumors","volume":"26","author":"Carroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.02.030","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery in the salvage treatment of patients with recurrent high-grade glioma","volume":"80","author":"Elaimy","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i2.142","article-title":"Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"5","author":"Larson","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.01.056","article-title":"Reirradiation of recurrent high-grade gliomas using amino acid PET (SPECT)\/CT\/MRI image fusion to determine gross tumor volume for stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy","volume":"63","author":"Grosu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-181","article-title":"Re-Irradiation of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme using 11C-methionine PET\/CT\/MRI image fusion for hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy by intensity modulated radiation therapy","volume":"9","author":"Miwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.08.014","article-title":"Prognostic value of (18)F-FET PET imaging in re-irradiation of high-grade glioma: Results of a phase I clinical trial","volume":"121","author":"Moller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.09.039","article-title":"Toxicity and efficacy of re-irradiation of high-grade glioma in a phase I dose- and volume escalation trial","volume":"125","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.08.019","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI and ADC versus FET-PET and GdT1w-MRI for gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation in re-irradiation of recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"130","author":"Popp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleischmann, D.F., Unterrainer, M., Corradini, S., Rottler, M., F\u00f6rster, S., La Foug\u00e8re, C., Siepmann, T., Schwaiger, M., Bartenstein, P., and Belka, C. (2019). Report of first recurrent glioma patients examined with PET-MRI prior to re-irradiation. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216111"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oehlke, O., Mix, M., Graf, E., Schimek-Jasch, T., Nestle, U., G\u00f6tz, I., Schneider-Fuchs, S., Weyerbrock, A., Mader, I., and Baumert, B.G. (2016). Amino-acid PET versus MRI guided re-irradiation in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GLIAA)\u2014Protocol of a randomized phase II trial (NOA 10\/ARO 2013-1). BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2806-z"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.049213","article-title":"Metabolic imaging of cerebral gliomas: Spatial correlation of changes in O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging","volume":"49","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000121","article-title":"Correlation of 11C-methionine PET and diffusion-weighted MRI: Is there a complementary diagnostic role for gliomas?","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50182-4","article-title":"Quantitative biparametric analysis of hybrid (18)F-FET PET\/MR-neuroimaging for differentiation between treatment response and recurrent glioma","volume":"9","author":"Lohmeier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3315","article-title":"Correlation of MRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficients in newly diagnosed gliomas with [18F]-fluoro-L-dopa PET: What are we really measuring with minimum ADC?","volume":"34","author":"Rose","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04384-7","article-title":"Differentiation of treatment-related changes from tumour progression: A direct comparison between dynamic FET PET and ADC values obtained from DWI MRI","volume":"46","author":"Werner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3018-5","article-title":"Volumetric assessment of recurrent or progressive gliomas: Comparison between F-DOPA PET and perfusion-weighted MRI","volume":"42","author":"Cicone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.129007","article-title":"Comparison of 18F-FET PET and perfusion-weighted MR imaging: A PET\/MR imaging hybrid study in patients with brain tumors","volume":"55","author":"Filss","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-016-3585-0","article-title":"Intra-lesional spatial correlation of static and dynamic FET-PET parameters with MRI-based cerebral blood volume in patients with untreated glioma","volume":"44","author":"Lukas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3183-6","article-title":"Simultaneous evaluation of brain tumour metabolism, structure and blood volume using [(18)F]-fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) PET\/MRI: Feasibility, agreement and initial experience","volume":"43","author":"Henriksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0987-4","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative perfusion-weighted MRI and 5-aminolevulinic acid in relation to contrast-enhanced intraoperative MRI and (11)C-methionine positron emission tomography in resection of glioblastoma: A prospective study","volume":"42","author":"Pala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.139","article-title":"Comparison of O-(2-(18)F-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine Positron Emission Tomography and Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Patients with Progressive and Recurrent Glioma: A Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography\/Magnetic Resonance Study","volume":"113","author":"Verger","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5952","article-title":"Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and (11)C-Methionine PET\/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas","volume":"40","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1178-3","article-title":"Perfusion and diffusion MRI combined with \u00b9\u00b9C-methionine PET in the preoperative evaluation of suspected adult low-grade gliomas","volume":"114","author":"Berntsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001152","article-title":"Glioma Recurrence Versus Radiation Necrosis: Single-Session Multiparametric Approach Using Simultaneous O-(2-18F-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine PET\/MRI","volume":"41","author":"Jena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.04.003","article-title":"Diagnosis of glioma recurrence using multiparametric dynamic 18F-fluoroethyl-tyrosine PET-MRI","volume":"103","author":"Pyka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160476","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160476","article-title":"Multiparametric evaluation of low grade gliomas at follow-up: Comparison between diffusion and perfusion MR with (18)F-FDOPA PET","volume":"89","author":"Romano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114550020","article-title":"Spatial distribution of malignant tissue in gliomas: Correlations of 11C-L-methionine positron emission tomography and perfusion- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"56","author":"Tietze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohmann, P., Werner, J.M., Shah, N.J., Fink, G.R., Langen, K.J., and Galldiks, N. (2019). Combined Amino Acid Positron Emission Tomography and Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Glioma Patients. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11020153"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.06.025","article-title":"Radiotherapy target volume definition in newly diagnosed high grade glioma using (18)F-FET PET imaging and multiparametric perfusion MRI: A prospective study (IMAGG)","volume":"150","author":"Dissaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/13\/5\/1063\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:31:47Z","timestamp":1760160707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/13\/5\/1063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":205,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers13051063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13051063","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]}}}