{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:10:28Z","timestamp":1789621828906,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["647047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004622","name":"KWF Kankerbestrijding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Data on the use of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in pregnant cancer patients are scarce. The International Network of Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (INCIP) reviewed data of pregnant patients treated with chemotherapy and G-CSF, and their offspring. Among 2083 registered patients, 42 pregnant patients received G-CSF for the following indications: recent chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia (5; 12%), dose dense chemotherapy (28, 67%), poly chemotherapy (7, 17%), or prevention of neutropenia at delivery (2; 5%). Among 24 women receiving dose dense chemotherapy, three (13%) patients recovered from asymptomatic neutropenia within 5 days. One patient developed pancytopenia following polychemotherapy after which the pregnancy was complicated by chorioamnionitis and intrauterine death. Nineteen singleton livebirths (49%) were born preterm. Sixteen neonates (41%) were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive care Unit (NICU). No neonatal neutropenia occurred. Two neonates had congenital malformations. Out of 21 children in follow-up, there were four children with a motor development delay and two premature infants had a delay in cognitive development. In conclusion, the rate of maternal and neonatal complications are similar to those described in (pregnant) women treated with chemotherapy. Due to small numbers and limited follow-up, rare or delayed effects among offspring exposed to G-CSF in utero cannot be ruled out yet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1615382840000},"page":"1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Maternal and Neonatal Outcome after the Use of G-CSF for Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Berends","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\u2014Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7485-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Maggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University Hospital of Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8693-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christianne A. R.","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\u2014Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5564-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"van Gerwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\u2014Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4857-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid A.","family":"Boere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera E. R. A.","family":"Wolters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\u2014Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Van Calsteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration\u2014Unit Woman and Child, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marry M.","family":"van den Heuvel-Eibrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Painter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina Mhallem","family":"Gziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, UCL, 1200 Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5452-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Amant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek\u2014Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00537-4","article-title":"Cancer associated with obstetric delivery: Results of linkage with the California cancer registry","volume":"189","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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