{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:10:45Z","timestamp":1793398245546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a non-obligatory precursor for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Around 70% of women with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) undergo unnecessary surgery due to the difficulty in differentiating ADH from low-grade DCIS. If untreated, 14\u201360% of DCIS progress to IDC, highlighting the importance of identifying a DCIS gene signature. Human transcriptome data of breast tissue samples representing each step of BC progression were analyzed and high expression of carboxypeptidase B1 (CPB1) expression strongly correlated with DCIS. This was confirmed by quantitative PCR in breast tissue samples and cell lines model. High CPB1 expression correlated with better survival outcome, and mRNA level was highest in DCIS than DCIS adjacent to IDC and IDC. Moreover, loss of CPB1 in a DCIS cell line led to invasive properties associated with activation of HIF1\u03b1, FN1, STAT3 and SPP1 and downregulation of SFRP1 and OS9. The expression of CPB1 could predict 90.1% of DCIS in a cohort consisting of DCIS and IDC. We identified CPB1, a biomarker that helps differentiate DCIS from ADH or IDC and in predicting if a DCIS is likely to progress to IDC, thereby helping clinicians in their decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T03:58:31Z","timestamp":1617681511000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Is Carboxypeptidase B1 a Prognostic Marker for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2704-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charu","family":"Kothari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisson","family":"Clemenceau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Ouellette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0962-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoutar","family":"Ennour-Idrissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Sociale et Pr\u00e9ventive, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Sociale et Pr\u00e9ventive, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Diorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Sociale et Pr\u00e9ventive, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"},{"name":"Centre des Maladies du Sein, H\u00f4pital du Saint-Sacrement, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Durocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs-2019-0158","article-title":"Gene Signatures of Breast Cancer Development and the Potential for Novel Targeted Treatments","volume":"21","author":"Kothari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64672-X","article-title":"Expression Profiling of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ by Laser Capture Microdissection and High-Density Oligonucleotide Arrays","volume":"158","author":"Luzzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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