{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T09:20:13Z","timestamp":1772011213651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy associated with asbestos exposure. Median survival ranges from 14 to 20 months after initial diagnosis. As of November 2020, the FDA approved a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors after promising intermediate results. Nonetheless, responses remain unsatisfying. Adequate patient stratification to improve response rates is still lacking. This retrospective study analyzed formalin fixed paraffin embedded specimens from a cohort of 22 MPM. Twelve of those samples showed sarcomatoid, ten epithelioid differentiation. Complete follow-up, including radiological assessment of response by modRECIST and time to death, was available with reported deaths of all patients. RNA of all samples was isolated and subjected to digital gene expression pattern analysis. Our study revealed a notable difference between epithelioid and sarcomatoid mesothelioma, showing differential gene expression for 304\/698 expressed genes. Whereas antigen processing and presentation to resident cytotoxic T cells as well as phagocytosis is highly affected in sarcomatoid mesothelioma, cell\u2013cell interaction via cytokines seems to be of greater importance in epithelioid cases. Our work reveals the specific role of the immune system within the different histologic subtypes of MPM, providing a more detailed background of their immunogenic potential. This is of great interest regarding therapeutic strategies including immunotherapy in mesothelioma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T11:31:59Z","timestamp":1617795119000},"page":"1761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Digital Gene Expression Analysis of Epithelioid and Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma Reveals Differences in Immunogenicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9098-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Brcic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mathilakathu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert F. H.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wessolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Mairinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Beckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen\u2014Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kreidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Steinborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Christoph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kollmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Mairinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tissue Diagnostics, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremias","family":"Wohlschlaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Diakonissenkrankenhaus Flensburg, 24939 Flensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt Werner","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Borchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian D.","family":"Mairinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: Incidence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and occupational health","volume":"110","author":"Neumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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