{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:33:17Z","timestamp":1789014797473,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["Ricerca corrente 2021 to AN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca corrente 2021 to AN"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["GR-2016-02361523 to NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2016-02361523 to NA"]}]},{"name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)","award":["IG 16722 to AN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 16722 to AN"]}]},{"name":"AIRC","award":["IG 24365 to AN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 24365 to AN"]}]},{"name":"AIRC","award":["IG 24449 to NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 24449 to NA"]}]},{"name":"AIRC","award":["IG 21585 to RP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 21585 to RP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) within a permissive bone marrow microenvironment. The pathogenesis of MM is unequivocally linked to the acquisition of genomic instability (GI), which indicates the tendency of tumor cells to accumulate a wide repertoire of genetic alterations. Such alterations can even be detected at the premalignant stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) and, overall, contribute to the acquisition of the malignant traits underlying disease progression. The molecular basis of GI remains unclear, with replication stress and deregulation of DNA damage repair pathways representing the most documented mechanisms. The discovery that non-coding RNA molecules are deeply dysregulated in MM and can target pivotal components of GI pathways has introduced a further layer of complexity to the GI scenario in this disease. In this review, we will summarize available information on the molecular determinants of GI in MM, focusing on the role of non-coding RNAs as novel means to tackle GI for therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T10:41:58Z","timestamp":1619606518000},"page":"2127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Genomic Instability in Multiple Myeloma: A \u201cNon-Coding RNA\u201d Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4940-1318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Taiana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Hematology, Fondazione C\u00e0 Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Gallo Cantafio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Katia","family":"Favasuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Hematology, Fondazione C\u00e0 Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0645-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Bandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Citt\u00e0 Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Viglietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2273-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Piva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Citt\u00e0 Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Hematology, Fondazione C\u00e0 Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Amodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17046","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.46","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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