{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:40:19Z","timestamp":1787740819619,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008730","name":"Kreftforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and valproic acid (VP) have been tried in the treatment of non-promyelocytic variants of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-randomized studies suggest that the two drugs can stabilize AML and improve normal peripheral blood cell counts. In this context, we used a proteomic\/phosphoproteomic strategy to investigate the in vivo effects of ATRA\/VP on human AML cells. Before starting the combined treatment, AML responders showed increased levels of several proteins, especially those involved in neutrophil degranulation\/differentiation, M phase regulation and the interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (i.e., DNA synthesis and binding). Several among the differentially regulated phosphorylation sites reflected differences in the regulation of RNA metabolism and apoptotic events at the same time point. These effects were mainly caused by increased cyclin dependent kinase 1 and 2 (CDK1\/2), LIM domain kinase 1 and 2 (LIMK1\/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) and protein kinase C delta (PRKCD) activity in responder cells. An extensive effect of in vivo treatment with ATRA\/VP was the altered level and phosphorylation of proteins involved in the regulation of transcription\/translation\/RNA metabolism, especially in non-responders, but the regulation of cell metabolism, immune system and cytoskeletal functions were also affected. Our analysis of serial samples during the first week of treatment suggest that proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling can be used for the early identification of responders to ATRA\/VP-based treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1619692241000},"page":"2143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Proteomic Studies of Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Derived from Patients Before and during Disease-Stabilizing Treatment Based on All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Valproic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-7841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Hernandez-Valladares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Wangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Aaseb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"Reikvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frode S.","family":"Berven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frode","family":"Selheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Bruserud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733196","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel","volume":"129","author":"Dohner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-01-894980","article-title":"Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet","volume":"133","author":"Sanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22496","article-title":"A comparison of low-dose cytarabine and hydroxyurea with or without all-trans retinoic acid for acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in patients not considered fit for intensive treatment","volume":"109","author":"Burnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1868-7083-5-13","article-title":"The combination of valproic acid, all-trans retinoic acid and low-dose cytarabine as disease-stabilizing treatment in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"5","author":"Fredly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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