{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1768716149208,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary ovarian mesothelioma is a rare, aggressive neoplastic disease with a poor prognosis. At onset, the tumor is only rarely limited to the ovaries and usually already widespread in the peritoneum. The rarity of this entity and the difficulties differentiating it from either ovarian carcinoma or peritoneal mesothelioma may lead to frequent misdiagnoses and may raise some concerns about its histogenesis. Thus, reporting such rare cases is fundamental to gain greater awareness of this neoplasm and try to answer unsolved questions. Herein, we described four cases of histological diagnoses of ovarian mesothelioma extrapolated by the regional mesothelioma register of Apulia (southern Italy). In all cases, a detailed medical history was collected according to national mesothelioma register guidelines. A broad panel of antibodies was used for immunohistochemistry to confirm the diagnoses. Moreover, ovarian tissue samples were also examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, detecting asbestos fibers and talc crystals in two cases. Because of the few cases described, we reviewed the English literature in the Medline database, focusing on articles about ovarian mesothelioma \u201cmisclassification\u201d, \u201cmisdiagnosis\u201d, \u201cdiagnostic challenge\u201d or \u201cdiagnostic pitfall\u201d and on unsolved questions about its histogenesis and possible risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1620643791000},"page":"2278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Primary Ovarian Mesothelioma: A Case Series with Electron Microscopy Examination and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Vimercati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine-Section Ramazzini, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2009-1806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenica","family":"Cavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine-Section Ramazzini, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Celeste","family":"Delfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine-Section Ramazzini, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrastructure Laboratory, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"De Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine-Section Ramazzini, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Caputi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine-Section Ramazzini, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Sponselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Occupational Medicine-Section Ramazzini, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathological Anatomy Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4335-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Resta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathological Anatomy Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fortarezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Pezzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9021-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Serio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Pathological Anatomy Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0512-4","article-title":"Asbestos exposure and malignant 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