{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:06:21Z","timestamp":1768316781801,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The persistence or recurrence of symptoms in patients with coeliac disease (CD), despite a gluten-free diet (GFD), must prompt further work-up for excluding refractory CD (RCD). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of serum markers in predicting refractoriness in CD patients. This study included 72 patients affected by CD followed-up at our center, namely 49 uncomplicated CD before and after GFD and 23 RCD. Serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and \u03b22-microglobuline were measured at baseline and at follow-up (median time of 13 months) in each group of patients. Cut-off points for each marker were estimated to differentiate RCD from uncomplicated CD patients. Serum levels of CgA and \u03b22-microglobuline were significantly higher in patients with RCD compared to uncomplicated CD (p &lt; 0.001), both at baseline and at follow-up, with no significant difference between RCD type 1 and type 2. The estimated cut-off point for CgA was 90.2 ng\/mL (sensitivity 83%, specificity 100%), while for \u03b22-microglobuline it was 696 mcg\/L (sensitivity 100%, specificity of 100%). To conclude, CgA and \u03b22-microglobuline could be useful serological markers of refractoriness in CD, with the ability to discriminate those patients who should undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for making a definite diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T10:20:36Z","timestamp":1620728436000},"page":"2289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum Markers of Refractoriness and Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma in Coeliac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6654-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Vincenzo","family":"Lenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Aronico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Antoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0544-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2976-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vanoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Klersy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gino Roberto","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0302-8645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Sabatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2018-205667","article-title":"Measuring too much or too little in adult coeliac disease","volume":"72","author":"Lenti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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