{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T08:42:25Z","timestamp":1793868145223,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare tumor affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Several aspects of this disease, ranging from epidemiology to biology, pathology, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and post-treatment surveillance are controversial, and consensus on how to manage this sinonasal cancer is lacking. A narrative literature review was performed to summarize the current evidence and provide the reader with available data supporting the decision-making process in patients affected by sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, alongside the authors\u2019 personal opinion on the unsolved issues of this tumor. The review has highlighted several advances in molecular definition of epithelial cancers of the sinonasal tract. Surgery represents the pivot of treatment and is performed through an endoscopic transnasal approach whenever feasible. Open surgery is required for a large proportion of cases. Reconstruction of the defect follows principles of skull base and cranio-maxillo-facial reconstruction. Chemotherapy is given as neoadjuvant treatment or concomitantly to radiotherapy. Photon-based radiation therapy has a crucial role in the adjuvant setting. Particle therapy is providing promising results. Management of the neck should be planned based on the presence of clinically appreciable metastases, primary tumor extension, and need for recipient vessels. Biotherapy and immunotherapy are still underexplored therapeutical modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"2835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, a Narrative Reappraisal of the Current Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua\u2014\u201cAzienda Ospedaliera di Padova\u201d, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program International Scholarship, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada"},{"name":"Technology for Health (PhD Program), Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Taboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua\u2014\u201cAzienda Ospedaliera di Padova\u201d, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program International Scholarship, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Innovation in Clinical Research and Methodology (PhD Program), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0919-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Luigi Camillo","family":"Carobbio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua\u2014\u201cAzienda Ospedaliera di Padova\u201d, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Emanuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua\u2014\u201cOspedale di Treviso\u201d, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5664-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Maroldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia\u2014\u201cASST Spedali Civili di Brescia\u201d, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0135-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Bossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia\u2014\u201cASST Spedali Civili di Brescia\u201d, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua\u2014\u201cAzienda Ospedaliera di Padova\u201d, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"El-Naggar, A.K., Chan, J.K.C., Grandis, J.R., Takata, T., Slootweg, P.J., and International Agency for Research on Cancer (2017). 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