{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:33Z","timestamp":1787027793361,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HPV genotypes were determined in 63 vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) and 7 vaginal squamous cell carcinomas (VaSCC). Of these, 37 cases had VaIN alone, and 26 cases had both VaIN and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or condyloma. HPV typing was performed in scraped cells by Genosearch-31 (GS-31) and in the archived tissues by uniplex E6\/E7 PCR. In a total of 49 VaIN1, 17 VaIN2\/3, and 7 VaSCC tissues, the prevalence of HPV was 91.2% in VaIN (VaIN1: 87.8%, VaIN2\/3: 100%) and 85.7% in VaSCC. Comparing HPV results in scraped cell and tissue, 46.2% of high-risk (HR) types and 68.1% of any HPV types that had been identified in cell samples were not present in corresponding tissues. HPV types in VaIN and CIN lesions differed in 92.3% (24\/26) of cases with multiple lesions. These results suggest that there are many preclinical HPV infections in the vagina or the cervix, and VaIN and CIN are independently developed. The manual microdissection procedure of tissue revealed one HPV type in one lesion. Seventeen HPV types, including high-risk (HR), possible high-risk (pHR), and low-risk (LR), were identified in 43 VaIN1 lesions. In higher grade lesions, six HR (HPV16, 18, 51, 52, 56, 58), one pHR (HPV66), and one LR (HPV42) HPV types were identified in 17 VaIN2\/3, and six HPV types, including HPV16, 45, 58, and 68 (HR), and HPV53 and 67 (pHR), were detected in each case of VaSCC. The vagina appears to be the reservoir for any mucosal HPV type, and HR- or pHR-HPV types are causative agents for vaginal malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T10:52:46Z","timestamp":1624963966000},"page":"3260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["HPV Genotyping by Molecular Mapping of Tissue Samples in Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN) and Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (VaSCC)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shitai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Okayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gumma Paz University, Takasaki 320-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Okodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Kurose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinichi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sasagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-gun 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2009.20.4.232","article-title":"The utility of the human papillomavirus DNA load for the diagnosis and prediction of persistent vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"20","author":"So","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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