{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:09:26Z","timestamp":1760234966770,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nantes Metropolis","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cancer patients may fail to distinguish COVID-19 symptoms such as anosmia, dysgeusia\/ageusia, anorexia, headache, and fatigue, which are frequent after cancer treatments. We aimed to identify symptoms associated with COVID-19 and to assess the strength of their association in cancer and cancer-free populations. Methods: The multicenter cohort study PAPESCO-19 included 878 cancer patients and 940 healthcare workers (HCWs). At baseline and quarterly thereafter, they reported the presence or absence of 13 COVID-19 symptoms observed over 3 months and the results of routine screening RT-PCR, and they were systematically tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We identified the symptom combinations significantly associated with COVID-19. Results: Eight percent of cancer patients were COVID-19 positive, and 32% were symptomatic. Among the HCWs, these proportions were 9.5 and 52%, respectively. Anosmia, anorexia, fever, headache, and rhinorrhea together accurately discriminated (c-statistic = 0.7027) COVID-19 cases from cancer patients. Anosmia, dysgeusia\/ageusia, muscle pain, intense fatigue, headache, and chest pain better discriminated (c-statistic = 0.8830) COVID-19 cases among the HCWs. Anosmia had the strongest association in both the cancer patients (OR = 7.48, 95% CI: 2.96\u201318.89) and HCWs (OR = 5.71, 95% CI: 2.21\u201314.75). Conclusions: COVID-19 symptoms and their diagnostic performance differ in the cancer patients and HCWs. Anosmia is associated with COVID-19 in cancer patients, while dysgeusia\/ageusia is not. Cancer patients deserve tailored preventive measures due to their particular COVID-19 symptom pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"3389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anosmia but Not Ageusia as a COVID-19-Related Symptom among Cancer Patients\u2014First Results from the PAPESCO-19 Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest (ICO), 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Blanc-Lapierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistic, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Seegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistic, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Boisdron-Celle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest, 49055 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Bigot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest, 49055 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Bourdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest (ICO), 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"},{"name":"Research Unit UMR INSERM 1246 SPHERE, Universit\u00e9s de Nantes et Tours, 44035 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakim","family":"Mahammedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de Lorraine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Campone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de Lorraine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Penault-Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology and INSERM U1240, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1892-8961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine M.","family":"Bellanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest (ICO), 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Raoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de l\u2019Ouest, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.09.018","article-title":"COVID-19 and Cancer: Current Challenges and Perspectives","volume":"38","author":"Bakouny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30442-3","article-title":"COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in patients with cancer and the effect of primary tumour subtype and patient demographics: A prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0422","article-title":"Patients with Cancer Appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter study during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01442","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 testing in patients with cancer treated at a tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"38","author":"Berghoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Lu, H., Wang, W., Liu, Q., and Zhu, C. (2020). Clinical risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent observational studies. Null, 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2021.1837628"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31173-9","article-title":"COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: A prospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-00120-5","article-title":"Determinants of the outcomes of patients with cancer infected with SARS-CoV-2: Results from the gustave roussy cohort","volume":"1","author":"Albiges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.09.035","article-title":"Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality among solid cancer patients and impact of the disease on anticancer treatment: A French nationwide cohort study (GCO-002 CACOVID-19)","volume":"141","author":"Turpin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9n\u00e9zit, F., Le Turnier, P., Declerck, C., Paill\u00e9, C., Revest, M., Dub\u00e9e, V., Tattevin, P., Arvieux, C., Baldeyrou, M., and Chapplain, J.-M. (2020). Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Lancet Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30297-8"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Snitz, K., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Perl, O., Honigstein, D., and Weissgross, R. (2020). Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population. Chem. Senses.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.07.20094516"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","article-title":"Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Menni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lechien, J.R., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., De Siati, D.R., Horoi, M., Le Bon, S.D., Rodriguez, A., Dequanter, D., Blecic, S., El Afia, F., and Distinguin, L. (2020). Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A multicenter european study. Eur. Arch. Oto Rhino Laryngol., 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S276825","article-title":"Three quarters of people with SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic: Analysis of English household survey data","volume":"12","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18963-y","article-title":"Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness","volume":"11","author":"Pierron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22602","article-title":"Smell and taste symptom-based predictive model for COVID-19 diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Roland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, A., Pottinger, G., Scott, A., and Hopkins, C. (2020). Anosmia and loss of smell in the era of Covid-19. BMJ, 370.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2808"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrillo-Larco, R.M., and Altez-Fernandez, C. (2020). Anosmia and Dysgeusia in COVID-19: A systematic review. Wellcome Open Res., 5.","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15917.1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.2690","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative assessment of taste and smell changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer or gynecologic malignancies","volume":"27","author":"Steinbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4720-3","article-title":"Taste and smell perception and quality of life during and after systemic therapy for breast cancer","volume":"170","author":"Boesveldt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2215-2","article-title":"Characteristics of taste and smell alterations reported by patients after starting treatment for lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"McGreevy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"58","article-title":"Taste and odor abnormalities in cancer patients","volume":"7","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Support Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.11.011","article-title":"Coming to your senses: Detecting taste and smell alterations in chemotherapy patients. A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Gamper","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom. Manag."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.02.003","article-title":"A systematic review of smell alterations after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"54","author":"Gonella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell, B., Moss, C., Rigg, A., Hopkins, C., Papa, S., and Van Hemelrijck, M. (2020). Anosmia and Ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say?. Ecancermedicalscience, 14.","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2020.ed98"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30164-X","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: A prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Publ. Health"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18848-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Exposure, Symptoms and Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers in Sweden","volume":"11","author":"Rudberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.02.027","article-title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among the staff and patients of a french cancer centre after first lockdown: The CanSEROcov Study","volume":"148","author":"Ladoire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Favara, D.M., McAdam, K., Cooke, A., Bordessa-Kelly, A., Budriunaite, I., Bossingham, S., Houghton, S., Doffinger, R., Ainsworth, N., and Corrie, P.G. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody seroprevalence among UK Healthcare professionals working with cancer patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin. Oncol. R Coll. Radiol.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.18.20197590"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Institut Cancerologie de l\u2019Ouest (2020). Patients and Health Staff of Cancer Centres During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Constitution of a Biological Collection Linked to a Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32034-1","article-title":"lockdown impact on COVID-19 epidemics in regions across metropolitan France","volume":"396","author":"Cauchemez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104511","article-title":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 through the evaluation of three immunoassays: Two Automated immunoassays (euroimmun and abbott) and one rapid lateral flow immunoassay (NG Biotech)","volume":"129","author":"Nicol","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sweeney, N., Merrick, B., Gal\u00e3o, R.P., Pickering, S., Botgros, A., Wilson, H.D., Signell, A.W., Betancor, G., Tan, M.K.I., and Ramble, J. (2021). Clinical utility of targeted SARS-CoV-2 serology testing to aid the diagnosis and management of suspected missed, late or post-COVID-19 infection syndromes: Results from a pilot service implemented during the first pandemic wave. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249791"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaffari, A., Meurant, R., and Ardakani, A. (2020). COVID-19 serological tests: How well do they actually perform?. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202006.0278.v1"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pickering, S., Betancor, G., Gal\u00e3o, R.P., Merrick, B., Signell, A.W., Wilson, H.D., Ik, M.T.K., Seow, J., Graham, C., and Acors, S. (2020). Comparative assessment of multiple COVID-19 serological technologies supports continued evaluation of point-of-care lateral flow assays in hospital and community healthcare settings. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008817"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marklund, E., Leach, S., Axelsson, H., Nystr\u00f6m, K., Norder, H., Bemark, M., Angeletti, D., Lundgren, A., Nilsson, S., and Andersson, L.-M. (2020). Serum-IgG Responses to SARS-CoV-2 after mild and severe COVID-19 infection and analysis of IgG non-responders. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.11.20151324"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"WHO (2021, January 15). Coronavirus-Symptoms. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/coronavirus."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"French Ministry of Health (Minist\u00e8re des Solidarit\u00e9s et de la Sant\u00e9) (2021, January 15). Les R\u00e9ponses \u00e0 Vos Questions Sur la COVID-19, Available online: https:\/\/solidarites-sante.gouv.fr\/soins-et-maladies\/maladies\/maladies-infectieuses\/coronavirus\/tout-savoir-sur-la-covid-19\/article\/les-reponses-a-vos-questions-sur-la-covid-19."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson, K.E., Caliendo, A.M., Arias, C.A., Hayden, M.K., Englund, J.A., Lee, M.J., Loeb, M., Patel, R., El Alayli, A., and Altayar, O. (2021). The infectious diseases society of america guidelines on the diagnosis of COVID-19: Molecular diagnostic testing. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab048"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., and Sturdivant, R.X. (2013). Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louviere, J.J., Hensher, D.A., and Swait, J.D. (2000). Stated Choice Methods: Analysis and Applications, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511753831"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basse, C., Diakite, S., Servois, V., Frelaut, M., Noret, A., Bellesoeur, A., Moreau, P., Massiani, M.-A., Bouyer, A.-S., and Vuagnat, P. (2021). Characteristics and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients. JNCI Cancer Spectr., 5.","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa090"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pullano, G., Di Domenico, L., Sabbatini, C.E., Valdano, E., Turbelin, C., Debin, M., Guerrisi, C., Kengne-Kuetche, C., Souty, C., and Hanslik, T. (2020). Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in france threatens epidemic control. Nature, 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03095-6"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrat, F., Touvier, M., Severi, G., Meyer, L., Jusot, F., Lapidus, N., Rahib, D., Lydi\u00e9, N., Charles, M.-A., and Ancel, P.-Y. (2021). Incidence and risk factors of COVID-19-like symptoms in the french general population during the lockdown period: A multi-cohort study. BMC Infect. Dis., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05864-8"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209673","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9673","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical presentation of health care workers with symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 in 2 dutch hospitals during an early phase of the pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Buiting","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Delfraissy, J.F., Atlani Duault, L., Benamouzig, D., Bouadma, L., Cauchemez, S., Chauvin, F., Druais, P.L., Fontanet, A., Grard, M.A., and Hoang, A. (2021, June 15). Avis Du Conseil Scientifique COVID-19; 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/rapport\/pdf\/avis_conseil_scientifique_12_mars_2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100651","article-title":"Multi-center nationwide comparison of seven serology assays reveals a SARS-CoV-2 Non-responding seronegative subpopulation","volume":"29\u201330","author":"Oved","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong, D.S.Y., Fragkou, P.C., Schweitzer, V.A., Chemaly, R.F., Moschopoulos, C.D., and Skevaki, C. (2021). How to interpret and use COVID-19 serology and immunology tests. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.001"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1182","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1182","article-title":"Antibody seroconversion in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Translat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0965-6","article-title":"Clinical and Immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections","volume":"26","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2516","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2516","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of serological tests for Covid-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"370","author":"Bastos","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2181","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2181","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 antibody: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C.Y.-P., Lin, R.T.P., Renia, L., and Ng, L.F.P. (2020). Serological approaches for COVID-19: Epidemiologic perspective on surveillance and control. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00879"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n568","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n568","article-title":"Guidance for the design and reporting of studies evaluating the clinical performance of tests for present or past SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"372","author":"Doust","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/13\/14\/3389\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:26:42Z","timestamp":1760164002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/13\/14\/3389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers13143389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13143389","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6694"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}}}