{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:19:39Z","timestamp":1777706379013,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumours (D-NETs) are rare but increasingly diagnosed. This study aimed to assess the overall survival and recurrence rate among patients treated for D-NETs. Methods: Patients with D-NETs were retrospectively reviewed with a median follow-up time of 4.8 years (range 0.0\u201317.2 years). Results: A total of 32 patients with median age 68.0 years were identified. Fifteen patients underwent surgery while ten patients underwent endoscopic treatment. Mean estimated overall survival for the entire population was 12.1 years (95% CI 9.5\u201314.7 years), while 5-year overall survival was 81.3%. Tumour grade G1 was associated with longer mean estimated survival compared to G2 tumours (13.2 years versus 4.4 years, p = 0.010). None of the 23 patients who underwent presumed radical endoscopic or surgical resection had disease recurrence during follow-up. Tumours &lt;10 mm could be treated endoscopically whereas a high proportion of patients with tumours 10\u201320 mm should be considered for surgery. Conclusion: Patients with D-NETs had long overall survival, and mortality was more influenced by other diseases. Both endoscopic and surgical resections were effective as no recurrences were diagnosed during follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13163985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:49:41Z","timestamp":1628459381000},"page":"3985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Survival and Disease Recurrence in Patients with Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumours\u2014A Single Centre Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Oddry","family":"Folkestad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, 3103 T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans H.","family":"Wasmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mj\u00f8nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reidun","family":"Fougner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Hauso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reidar","family":"Fossmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav\u2019s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One Hundred Years after \u201cCarcinoid\u201d: Epidemiology of and Prognostic Factors for Neuroendocrine Tumors in 35,825 Cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105","article-title":"A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Modlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"466","article-title":"Increasing incidence of duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: Incidental discovery of indolent disease?","volume":"158","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.002","article-title":"Burden of Gastrointestinal Disease in the United States: 2012 Update","volume":"143","author":"Peery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"349","article-title":"Endocrinocarcinomas (carcinoids and their variants) of the duodenum. An evaluation of 927 cases","volume":"22","author":"Soga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-001-0260-z","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumours of the duodenum","volume":"386","author":"Witzigmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(01)80100-1","article-title":"Duodenal carcinoid tumors: How aggressive should we be?","volume":"5","author":"Zyromski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1468479","article-title":"Duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms: A still poorly recognized clinical entity","volume":"53","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940315)73:6<1580::AID-CNCR2820730608>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Carcinoid of the ampulla of Vater. Clinical characteristics and morphologic features","volume":"73","author":"Hatzitheoklitos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000443168","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Gastroduodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms","volume":"103","author":"Fave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2001.28955","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of vater: A clinicomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and cell kinetic comparison","volume":"32","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705301","article-title":"Duodenal and ampullary carcinoid tumors","volume":"408","author":"Stamm","year":"1986","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-016-3135-x","article-title":"A Multi-institutional Analysis of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Tumor Biology Rather than Extent of Resection Dictates Prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Margonis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1294.002","article-title":"The Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Cell System and Its Tumors: The WHO Classification","volume":"1014","author":"Perren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000124290.05524.5e","article-title":"Does the Use of Routine Duodenotomy (DUODX) Affect Rate of Cure, Development of Liver Metastases, or Survival in Patients With Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?","volume":"239","author":"Norton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.05.009","article-title":"Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: Classification, functional syndromes, diagnosis and medical treatment","volume":"19","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-3825-7","article-title":"Outcomes of Surgical and Endoscopic Resection of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs): A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"22","author":"Dasari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15765","article-title":"Systematic review: Management of localised low-grade upper gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"51","author":"Exarchou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30438-2","article-title":"The TNM classification of malignant tumours\u2014towards common understanding and reasonable expectations","volume":"18","author":"Brierley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-006-0250-1","article-title":"TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: A consensus proposal including a grading system","volume":"449","author":"Rindi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"162","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Towards a Standardized Approach to the Diagnosis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Their Prognostic Stratification","volume":"90","author":"Couvelard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000443170","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Jejunum and Ileum","volume":"103","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975","article-title":"The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system","volume":"76","author":"Nagtegaal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12390","article-title":"Endoscopic resection for duodenal carcinoid tumors: A multicenter, retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5243-y","article-title":"Prognostic Implications of Lymph Node Status for Patients With Gallbladder Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Study","volume":"23","author":"Amini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"700","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum. A clinicopathologic study of 99 cases","volume":"114","author":"Burke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000444803","article-title":"Four Neuroendocrine Tumor Types and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Duodenum: Analysis of 203 Cases","volume":"104","author":"Vanoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2456-x","article-title":"Pathologic Grade and Tumor Size are Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients with Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"18","author":"Untch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2365-4","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes for Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Duodenum and Ampulla of Vater:A Population-Based Study","volume":"18","author":"Randle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2005.09.016","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum","volume":"138","author":"Mullen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25731","article-title":"Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: Somewhere between the pancreas and small bowel?","volume":"120","author":"Gamboa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000459619","article-title":"The Risk Factors for Metastasis in Non-Ampullary Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors Measuring 20 mm or Less in Diameter","volume":"95","author":"Hatta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23549","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of a novel TNM classification system for upper gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"113","author":"Pape","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2013.46.6.656","article-title":"Endoscopic Treatment of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/13\/16\/3985\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:41:59Z","timestamp":1760164919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/13\/16\/3985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers13163985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13163985","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]}}}